This is an NFS v4 specific operation, so it belongs in the NFS v4 code
and not the generic client.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Ensure that we conditionally drop the inode->i_lock when it is safe
to do so in the commit loops.
We do so after locking the nfs_page, but before removing it from the
commit list. We can then use list_safe_reset_next to recover the loop
after the lock is retaken.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The decrement is handled by each call to nfs_request_remove_commit_list,
no need to do it again in nfs_scan_commit.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Move more pnfs-isms out of the generic commit code.
Bugfixes:
- filelayout_scan_commit_lists doesn't need to get/put the lseg.
In fact since it is run under the inode->i_lock, the lseg_put()
can deadlock.
- Ensure that we distinguish between what needs to be done for
commit-to-data server and what needs to be done for commit-to-MDS
using the new flag PG_COMMIT_TO_DS. Otherwise we may end up calling
put_lseg() on a bucket for a struct nfs_page that got written
through the MDS.
- Fix a case where we were using list_del() on an nfs_page->wb_list
instead of list_del_init().
- filelayout_initiate_commit needs to call filelayout_commit_release
on error instead of the mds_ops->rpc_release(). Otherwise it won't
clear the commit lock.
Cleanups:
- Let the files layout manage the commit lists for the pNFS case.
Don't expose stuff like pnfs_choose_commit_list, and the fact
that the commit buckets hold references to the layout segment
in common code.
- Cast out the put_lseg() calls for the struct nfs_read/write_data->lseg
into the pNFS layer from whence they came.
- Let the pNFS layer manage the NFS_INO_PNFS_COMMIT bit.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
The radix tree is only being used to compile lists of reqs needing commit.
It is simpler to just put the reqs directly into a list.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The last real use of this tag was removed by
commit 7f2f12d963 NFS: Simplify nfs_wb_page()
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This patch adds a lightweight sync migrate operation MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT
mode that avoids writing back pages to backing storage. Async compaction
maps to MIGRATE_ASYNC while sync compaction maps to MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT.
For other migrate_pages users such as memory hotplug, MIGRATE_SYNC is
used.
This avoids sync compaction stalling for an excessive length of time,
particularly when copying files to a USB stick where there might be a
large number of dirty pages backed by a filesystem that does not support
->writepages.
[aarcange@redhat.com: This patch is heavily based on Andrea's work]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fs/nfs/write.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fs/btrfs/disk-io.c build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Asynchronous compaction is used when allocating transparent hugepages to
avoid blocking for long periods of time. Due to reports of stalling,
there was a debate on disabling synchronous compaction but this severely
impacted allocation success rates. Part of the reason was that many dirty
pages are skipped in asynchronous compaction by the following check;
if (PageDirty(page) && !sync &&
mapping->a_ops->migratepage != migrate_page)
rc = -EBUSY;
This skips over all mapping aops using buffer_migrate_page() even though
it is possible to migrate some of these pages without blocking. This
patch updates the ->migratepage callback with a "sync" parameter. It is
the responsibility of the callback to fail gracefully if migration would
block.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have no business doing any this in the standard write release path.
Get rid of it, and put it in the pNFS layer.
Also, while we're at it, get rid of the completely bogus unlock/relock
semantics that were present in nfs_writeback_release_full(). It is
not only unnecessary, but actually dangerous to release the write lock
just in order to take it again in nfs_page_async_flush(). Better just
to open code the pgio operations in a pnfs helper.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'modsplit-Oct31_2011' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux: (230 commits)
Revert "tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h"
irq: don't put module.h into irq.h for tracking irqgen modules.
bluetooth: macroize two small inlines to avoid module.h
ip_vs.h: fix implicit use of module_get/module_put from module.h
nf_conntrack.h: fix up fallout from implicit moduleparam.h presence
include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible
include: convert various register fcns to macros to avoid include chaining
crypto.h: remove unused crypto_tfm_alg_modname() inline
uwb.h: fix implicit use of asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE
pm_runtime.h: explicitly requires notifier.h
linux/dmaengine.h: fix implicit use of bitmap.h and asm/page.h
miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types
stop_machine.h: fix implicit use of smp.h for smp_processor_id
of: fix implicit use of errno.h in include/linux/of.h
of_platform.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
acpi: remove module.h include from platform/aclinux.h
miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h
device_cgroup.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
net: sch_generic remove redundant use of <linux/module.h>
net: inet_timewait_sock doesnt need <linux/module.h>
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (other header files, and removal of the ab3550 mfd driver) in
- drivers/media/dvb/frontends/dibx000_common.c
- drivers/media/video/{mt9m111.c,ov6650.c}
- drivers/mfd/ab3550-core.c
- include/linux/dmaengine.h
When CONFIG_NFS=y and CONFIG_NFS_V3_{,V4}=n we get the following warning.
fs/nfs/write.c: In function ‘nfs_writeback_done’:
fs/nfs/write.c:1246:21: warning: unused variable ‘server’
Remove the variable 'server' to fix the above warning.
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
These files were getting <linux/module.h> via an implicit include
path, but we want to crush those out of existence since they cost
time during compiles of processing thousands of lines of headers
for no reason. Give them the lightweight header that just contains
the EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
For pnfs pagelist write failure, we need to pg_recoalesce and resend IO to
mds.
Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <peng_tao@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Rees <rees@umich.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org [3.0]
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
nfs_find_and_lock_request will take a reference to the nfs_page and
will then put it if the req is already locked. It's possible though
that the reference will be the last one. That put then can kick off
a whole series of reference puts:
nfs_page
nfs_open_context
dentry
inode
If the inode ends up being deleted, then the VFS will call
truncate_inode_pages. That function will try to take the page lock, but
it was already locked when migrate_page was called. The code
deadlocks.
Fix this by simply refusing the migration request if PagePrivate is
already set, indicating that the page is already associated with an
active read or write request.
We've had a customer test a backported version of this patch and
the preliminary results seem good.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Harshula Jayasuriya <harshula@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
commit 420e3646 allowed the kernel to reduce the number of unnecessary
commit calls by skipping the commit when there are a large number of
outstanding pages.
However, the current test in nfs_commit_unstable_pages does not handle
the edge condition properly. When ncommit == 0, then that means that the
kernel doesn't need to do anything more for the inode. The current test
though in the WB_SYNC_NONE case will return true, and the inode will end
up being marked dirty. Once that happens the inode will never be clean
until there's a WB_SYNC_ALL flush.
Fix this by immediately returning from nfs_commit_unstable_pages when
ncommit == 0.
Mike noticed this problem initially in RHEL5 (2.6.18-based kernel) which
has a backported version of 420e3646. The inode cache there was growing
very large. The inode cache was unable to be shrunk since the inodes
were all marked dirty. Calling sync() would essentially "fix" the
problem -- the WB_SYNC_ALL flush would result in the inodes all being
marked clean.
What I'm not clear on is how big a problem this is in mainline kernels
as the writeback code there is very different. Either way, it seems
incorrect to re-mark the inode dirty in this case.
Reported-by: Mike McLean <mikem@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org [2.6.34+]
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This reverts commit b80c3cb628.
The reverted commit was rendered obsolete by a VFS fix: commit
5547e8aac6 (writeback: Update dirty flags in
two steps). We now no longer need to worry about writeback_single_inode()
missing our marking the inode for COMMIT in 'do_writepages()' call.
Reverting this patch, fixes a performance regression in which the inode
would continuously get queued to the dirty list, causing the writeback
code to unnecessarily try to send a COMMIT.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust>
Tested-by: Simon Kirby <sim@hostway.ca>
Cc: stable@kernel.org [2.6.35+]
Fix a typo which causes an Oops in the RPC layer, when using wsize < 4k.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Tested-by: Sricharan R <r.sricharan@ti.com>
* 'nfs-for-3.1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs: (44 commits)
NFSv4: Don't use the delegation->inode in nfs_mark_return_delegation()
nfs: don't use d_move in nfs_async_rename_done
RDMA: Increasing RPCRDMA_MAX_DATA_SEGS
SUNRPC: Replace xprt->resend and xprt->sending with a priority queue
SUNRPC: Allow caller of rpc_sleep_on() to select priority levels
SUNRPC: Support dynamic slot allocation for TCP connections
SUNRPC: Clean up the slot table allocation
SUNRPC: Initalise the struct xprt upon allocation
SUNRPC: Ensure that we grab the XPRT_LOCK before calling xprt_alloc_slot
pnfs: simplify pnfs files module autoloading
nfs: document nfsv4 sillyrename issues
NFS: Convert nfs4_set_ds_client to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
SUNRPC: Convert the backchannel exports to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
SUNRPC: sunrpc should not explicitly depend on NFS config options
NFS: Clean up - simplify the switch to read/write-through-MDS
NFS: Move the pnfs write code into pnfs.c
NFS: Move the pnfs read code into pnfs.c
NFS: Allow the nfs_pageio_descriptor to signal that a re-coalesce is needed
NFS: Use the nfs_pageio_descriptor->pg_bsize in the read/write request
NFS: Cache rpc_ops in struct nfs_pageio_descriptor
...
Use nfs_pageio_reset_read_mds and nfs_pageio_reset_write_mds instead of
completely reinitialising the struct nfs_pageio_descriptor.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
...and ensure that we recoalese to take into account differences in
differences in block sizes when falling back to write through the MDS.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Instead of looking up the rsize and wsize, the routines that generate the
RPC requests should really be using the pg_bsize, since that is what we
use when deciding whether or not to coalesce write requests...
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Split them up into two parts: one which sets up the struct nfs_read/write_data,
the other which sets up the actual RPC call or pNFS call.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If we're writing back data, and the FLUSH_STABLE flag is set, then we
always want to use NFS_FILE_SYNC, since we're always in a situation where
we're doing page reclaim, and so we want to free up the page as quickly
as possible.
If we're in the FLUSH_COND_STABLE case, then we either want to use another
unstable write (if we have to do a commit anyway) or again, we want to
use NFS_FILE_SYNC because we know that we have no more pages to write
out.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Ask for whole file layouts. Until support for layout segments is fully
supported in the file layout code, discard non-whole file layouts.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We need to ensure that the layouts are set up before we can decide to
coalesce requests. To do so, we want to further split up the struct
nfs_pageio_descriptor operations into an initialisation callback, a
coalescing test callback, and a 'do i/o' callback.
This patch cleans up the existing callback methods before adding the
'initialisation' callback.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
In current pnfs tree, all the layouts set mds_offset in their
.write_pagelist member.
mds_offset is only used by generic layer and should be handled by it.
This patch is for upstream. It is needed in this -rc series to fix a
bug in objects layout_commit.
I'll send patches for objects and blocks to be
squashed into current pnfs tree.
TODO: It looks like the read path needs the same patch.
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Remove two unused struct writeback_control fields:
.encountered_congestion (completely unused)
.nonblocking (never set, checked/showed in XFS,NFS/btrfs)
The .for_background check in nfs_write_inode() is also removed btw,
as .for_background implies WB_SYNC_NONE.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Proposed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Use common code for pnfs_pageio_init_{read,write} and use
a common generic pg_test function.
Note that this function always assumes the the layout driver's
pg_test method is implemented.
[Fix BUG]
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Add offset and count parameters to pnfs_update_layout and use them to get
the layout in the pageio path.
Order cache layout segments in the following order:
* offset (ascending)
* length (descending)
* iomode (RW before READ)
Test byte range against the layout segment in use in pnfs_{read,write}_pg_test
so not to coalesce pages not using the same layout segment.
[fix lseg ordering]
[clean up pnfs_find_lseg lseg arg]
[remove unnecessary FIXME]
[fix ordering in pnfs_insert_layout]
[clean up pnfs_insert_layout]
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Currently, writebacks may end up recursing back into the filesystem due to
GFP_KERNEL direct reclaims in the pnfs subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
nfs_scan_commit() is called with the inode->i_lock held, but it then
calls __mark_inode_dirty() while still holding the lock. This causes
a deadlock.
Push the inode->i_lock into nfs_scan_commit() so it can protect only
the parts of the code it needs to and can be dropped before the call
to __mark_inode_dirty() to avoid the deadlock.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Will Simoneau <simoneau@ele.uri.edu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that the inode scalability patches have been merged, it is no longer
safe to call igrab() under the inode->i_lock.
Now that we no longer call nfs_clear_request() until the nfs_page is
being freed, we know that we are always holding a reference to the
nfs_open_context, which again holds a reference to the path, and so
the inode cannot be freed until the last nfs_page has been removed
from the radix tree and freed.
We can therefore skip the igrab()/iput() altogether.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The filelayout driver sends LAYOUTCOMMIT only when COMMIT goes to
the data server (as opposed to the MDS) and the data server WRITE
is not NFS_FILE_SYNC.
Only whole file layout support means that there is only one IOMODE_RW layout
segment.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexandros Batsakis <batsakis@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Mingyang Guo <guomingyang@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Tao Guo <guotao@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Jingwang <zhangjingwang@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Tested-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Implement all the hooks created in the previous patches.
This requires exporting quite a few functions and adding a few
structure fields.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Any COMMIT compound directed to a data server needs to have the
GETATTR calls suppressed. We here, make sure the field we are testing
(data->lseg) is set and refcounted correctly.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We create three major hooks for the pnfs code.
pnfs_mark_request_commit() is called during writeback_done from
nfs_mark_request_commit, which gives the driver an opportunity to
claim it wants control over commiting a particular req.
pnfs_choose_commit_list() is called from nfs_scan_list
to choose which list a given req should be added to, based on
where we intend to send it for COMMIT. It is up to the driver
to have preallocated list headers for each destination it may need.
pnfs_commit_list() is how the driver actually takes control, it is
used instead of nfs_commit_list().
In order to pass information between the above functions, we create
a union in nfs_page to hold a lseg (which is possible because the req is
not on any list while in transition), and add some flags to indicate
if we need to use the pnfs code.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Create a separate support function for later use by data server
commit code.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Create a separate support function for later use by data server
commit code.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Based on consensus reached in Feb 2011 interim IETF meeting regarding
use of LAYOUTCOMMIT, it has been decided that a NFS_DATA_SYNC return
from a WRITE to data server should not initiate a COMMIT.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
When one of the two waits in nfs_commit_inode() is interrupted, it
returns a non-negative value, which causes nfs_wb_page() to think
that the operation was successful causing it to busy-loop rather
than exiting.
It also causes nfs_file_fsync() to incorrectly report the file as
being successfully committed to disk.
This patch fixes both problems by ensuring that we return an error
if the attempts to wait fail.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
If we're only doing a single write, and there are no other unstable
writes being queued up, we might want to just flip to using a stable
write RPC call.
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Now that we have access to the pointer, clear it immediately after
the put, instead of in caller.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This will make it possible to clear the lseg pointer in the same
function as it is put, instead of in the caller nfs_pageio_doio().
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Allows the pnfs filelayout driver to write to the data servers.
Note that COMMIT to data servers will be implemented in a future
patch. To avoid improper behavior, for the moment any WRITE to a data
server that would also require a COMMIT to the data server is sent
NFS_FILE_SYNC.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Mingyang Guo <guomingyang@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Drokin <green@linuxhacker.ru>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Labiaga <Ricardo.Labiaga@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We grab the lseg sent in from the doio function and attach it to
each struct nfs_write_data created. This is how the lseg will be
sent to the layout driver.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Reorder nfs_write_rpcsetup, preparing for a pnfs entry point.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Move the pnfs_update_layout call location to nfs_pageio_do_add_request().
Grab the lseg sent in the doio function to nfs_read_rpcsetup and attach
it to each nfs_read_data so it can be sent to the layout driver.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Drokin <green@linuxhacker.ru>
Signed-off-by: Tao Guo <guotao@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Add a pg_test layout driver hook which is used to avoid coelescing I/O across
layout stripes.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Drokin <green@linuxhacker.ru>
Signed-off-by: Tao Guo <guotao@nrchpc.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The return values are not used by any callers.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
I've been adding in more artificial delays in the NFSv4 commit and close
codepaths to uncover races. The kernel I'm testing has the patch to
close the race in __rpc_wait_for_completion_task that's in Trond's
cthon2011 branch. The reproducer I've been using does this in a loop:
mkdir("DIR");
fd = open("DIR/FILE", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0644);
write(fd, "abcdefg", 7);
close(fd);
unlink("DIR/FILE");
rmdir("DIR");
The above reproducer shouldn't result in any silly-renaming. However,
when I add a "msleep(100)" just after the nfs_commit_clear_lock call in
nfs_commit_release, I can almost always force one to occur. If I can
force it to occur with that, then it can happen without that delay
given the right timing.
nfs_commit_inode waits for the NFS_INO_COMMIT bit to clear when called
with FLUSH_SYNC set. nfs_commit_rpcsetup on the other hand does not wait
for the task to complete before putting its reference to it, so the last
reference get put in rpc_release task and gets queued to a workqueue.
In this situation, the last open context reference may be put by the
COMMIT release instead of the close() syscall. The close() syscall
returns too quickly and the unlink runs while the d_count is still
high since the COMMIT release hasn't put its dentry reference yet.
Fix this by having rpc_commit_rpcsetup wait for the RPC call to complete
before putting the task reference when FLUSH_SYNC is set. With this, the
last reference is put by the process that's initiating the FLUSH_SYNC
commit and the race is closed.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cleanup of the allocated list entries should not call
put_nfs_open_context() on each entry, as the context will
always be NULL, causing an oops.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
When a nfs_page is freed, nfs_free_request is called which also calls
nfs_clear_request to clean out the lock and open contexts and free the
pagecache page.
However, a couple of places in the nfs code call nfs_clear_request
themselves. What happens here if the refcount on the request is still high?
We'll be releasing contexts and freeing pointers while the request is
possibly still in use.
Remove those bare calls to nfs_clear_context. That should only be done when
the request is being freed.
Note that when doing this, we need to watch out for tests of req->wb_page.
Previously, nfs_set_page_tag_locked() and nfs_clear_page_tag_locked()
would check the value of req->wb_page to figure out if the page is mapped
into the nfsi->nfs_page_tree. We now indicate the page is mapped using
the new bit PG_MAPPED in req->wb_flags .
Reported-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This removes more dead code that was somehow missed by commit 0d99519efe
(writeback: remove unused nonblocking and congestion checks). There are
no behavior change except for the removal of two entries from one of the
ext4 tracing interface.
The nonblocking checks in ->writepages are no longer used because the
flusher now prefer to block on get_request_wait() than to skip inodes on
IO congestion. The latter will lead to more seeky IO.
The nonblocking checks in ->writepage are no longer used because it's
redundant with the WB_SYNC_NONE check.
We no long set ->nonblocking in VM page out and page migration, because
a) it's effectively redundant with WB_SYNC_NONE in current code
b) it's old semantic of "Don't get stuck on request queues" is mis-behavior:
that would skip some dirty inodes on congestion and page out others, which
is unfair in terms of LRU age.
Inspired by Christoph Hellwig. Thanks!
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
Cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
WB_SYNC_NONE is supposed to mean "don't wait on anything". That should
also include not waiting for COMMIT calls to complete.
WB_SYNC_NONE is also implied when wbc->nonblocking and
wbc->for_background are set, so we can replace those checks in
nfs_commit_unstable_pages with a check for WB_SYNC_NONE.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Having to explicitly initialize sr_slotid to NFS4_MAX_SLOT_TABLE
resulted in numerous bugs. Keeping the current slot as a pointer
to the slot table is more straight forward and robust as it's
implicitly set up to NULL wherever the seq_res member is initialized
to zeroes.
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'nfs-for-2.6.36' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6: (42 commits)
NFS: NFSv4.1 is no longer a "developer only" feature
NFS: NFS_V4 is no longer an EXPERIMENTAL feature
NFS: Fix /proc/mount for legacy binary interface
NFS: Fix the locking in nfs4_callback_getattr
SUNRPC: Defer deleting the security context until gss_do_free_ctx()
SUNRPC: prevent task_cleanup running on freed xprt
SUNRPC: Reduce asynchronous RPC task stack usage
SUNRPC: Move the bound cred to struct rpc_rqst
SUNRPC: Clean up of rpc_bindcred()
SUNRPC: Move remaining RPC client related task initialisation into clnt.c
SUNRPC: Ensure that rpc_exit() always wakes up a sleeping task
SUNRPC: Make the credential cache hashtable size configurable
SUNRPC: Store the hashtable size in struct rpc_cred_cache
NFS: Ensure the AUTH_UNIX credcache is allocated dynamically
NFS: Fix the NFS users of rpc_restart_call()
SUNRPC: The function rpc_restart_call() should return success/failure
NFSv4: Get rid of the bogus RPC_ASSASSINATED(task) checks
NFSv4: Clean up the process of renewing the NFSv4 lease
NFSv4.1: Handle NFS4ERR_DELAY on SEQUENCE correctly
NFS: nfs_rename() should not have to flush out writebacks
...
nfs_commit_inode() needs to be defined irrespectively of whether or not
we are supporting NFSv3 and NFSv4.
Allow the compiler to optimise away code in the NFSv2-only case by
converting it into an inlined stub function.
Reported-and-tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16056
If other processes are blocked waiting for kswapd to free up some memory so
that they can make progress, then we cannot allow kswapd to block on those
processes.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
In anticipation of the day when we have per-filesystem sessions, and also
in order to allow the session to change in the event of a filesystem
migration event.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
J.R. Okajima reports that the call to sync_inode() in nfs_wb_page() can
deadlock with other writeback flush calls. It boils down to the fact
that we cannot ever call writeback_single_inode() while holding a page
lock (even if we do set nr_to_write to zero) since another process may
already be waiting in the call to do_writepages(), and so will deny us
the I_SYNC lock.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If we exit from nfs_commit_inode() without ensuring that the COMMIT rpc
call has been completed, we must re-mark the inode as dirty. Otherwise,
future calls to sync_inode() with the WB_SYNC_ALL flag set will fail to
ensure that the data is on the disk.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Neil Brown reports that he is seeing the BUG_ON(ret == 0) trigger in
nfs_page_async_flush. According to the trace in
https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=599628
the problem appears to be due to nfs_wb_page() not waiting for the
PG_writeback flag to clear.
There is a ditto problem in nfs_wb_page_cancel()
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Commit 2c61be0a94 (NFS: Ensure that the WRITE
and COMMIT RPC calls are always uninterruptible) exposed a race on file
close. In order to ensure correct close-to-open behaviour, we want to wait
for all outstanding background commit operations to complete.
This patch adds an inode flag that indicates if a commit operation is under
way, and provides a mechanism to allow ->write_inode() to wait for its
completion if this is a data integrity flush.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We always want to ensure that WRITE and COMMIT completes, whether or not
the user presses ^C. Do this by making the call asynchronous, and allowing
the user to do an interruptible wait for rpc_task completion.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This patch fixes a race which occurs due to the fact that we release the
PG_writeback flag while still holding the nfs_page locked.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Since writeback_single_inode() checks the inode->i_state flags _before_ it
flushes out the data, we need to ensure that the I_DIRTY_DATASYNC flag is
already set. Otherwise we risk not seeing a call to write_inode(), which
again means that we break fsync() et al...
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Now that we have correct COMMIT semantics in writeback_single_inode, we can
reduce and simplify nfs_wb_all(). Also replace nfs_wb_nocommit() with a
call to filemap_write_and_wait(), which doesn't need to hold the
inode->i_mutex.
With that done, we can eliminate nfs_write_mapping() altogether.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Since nfs_scan_list() doesn't wait for locked pages, we have a race in
which it is possible to end up with an inode that needs to send a COMMIT,
but which does not have the I_DIRTY_DATASYNC flag set.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If the caller is doing a non-blocking flush, and there are still writebacks
pending on the wire, we can usually defer the COMMIT call until those
writes are done.
Also ensure that we honour the wbc->nonblocking flag.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
In order to know when we should do opportunistic commits of the unstable
writes, when the VM is doing a background flush, we add a field to count
the number of unstable writes.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The sole purpose of nfs_write_inode is to commit unstable writes, so
move it into fs/nfs/write.c, and make nfs_commit_inode static.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The symbol nfs_commitdata_release is only used locally
in this file. Make it static to prevent the following sparse warning:
warning: symbol 'nfs_commitdata_release' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Reviewed-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
The call to migrate_page() will cause the page->private field to be
cleared.
Also fix up the locking around the page->private transfer, so that we ensure
that calls to nfs_page_find_request() don't end up racing.
Finally, fix up a double free bug: nfs_unlock_request() already calls
nfs_release_request() for us...
Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
While Linux provided an O_SYNC flag basically since day 1, it took until
Linux 2.4.0-test12pre2 to actually get it implemented for filesystems,
since that day we had generic_osync_around with only minor changes and the
great "For now, when the user asks for O_SYNC, we'll actually give
O_DSYNC" comment. This patch intends to actually give us real O_SYNC
semantics in addition to the O_DSYNC semantics. After Jan's O_SYNC
patches which are required before this patch it's actually surprisingly
simple, we just need to figure out when to set the datasync flag to
vfs_fsync_range and when not.
This patch renames the existing O_SYNC flag to O_DSYNC while keeping it's
numerical value to keep binary compatibility, and adds a new real O_SYNC
flag. To guarantee backwards compatiblity it is defined as expanding to
both the O_DSYNC and the new additional binary flag (__O_SYNC) to make
sure we are backwards-compatible when compiled against the new headers.
This also means that all places that don't care about the differences can
just check O_DSYNC and get the right behaviour for O_SYNC, too - only
places that actuall care need to check __O_SYNC in addition. Drivers and
network filesystems have been updated in a fail safe way to always do the
full sync magic if O_DSYNC is set. The few places setting O_SYNC for
lower layers are kept that way for now to stay failsafe.
We enforce that O_DSYNC is set when __O_SYNC is set early in the open path
to make sure we always get these sane options.
Note that parisc really screwed up their headers as they already define a
O_DSYNC that has always been a no-op. We try to repair it by using it for
the new O_DSYNC and redefinining O_SYNC to send both the traditional
O_SYNC numerical value _and_ the O_DSYNC one.
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@sun.com>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Also rename it: it is used in generic code, and so should not have a 'nfs4'
prefix.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We no longer need to maintain a distinction between nfs41_sequence_done and
nfs41_sequence_free_slot.
This fixes a number of slot table leakages in the NFSv4.1 code.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
nfs41_sequence_free_slot can be called multiple times on SEQUENCE operation
errors.
No reason to inline nfs4_restart_rpc
Reported-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@netapp.com>
nfs_writeback_done and nfs_readpage_retry call nfs4_restart_rpc outside the
error handler, and the slot is not freed prior to restarting in the rpc_prepare
state during session reset.
Fix this by moving the call to nfs41_sequence_free_slot from the error
path of nfs41_sequence_done into nfs4_restart_rpc, and by removing the test
for NFS4CLNT_SESSION_SETUP.
Always free slot and goto the rpc prepare state on async errors.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
It will lower the flush priority for NFS, and maybe more in future.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
We can't call nfs_readdata_release()/nfs_writedata_release() without
first initialising and referencing args.context. Doing so inside
nfs_direct_read_schedule_segment()/nfs_direct_write_schedule_segment()
causes an Oops.
We should rather be calling nfs_readdata_free()/nfs_writedata_free() in
those cases.
Looking at the O_DIRECT code, the "struct nfs_direct_req" is already
referencing the nfs_open_context for us. Since the readdata and writedata
structures carry a reference to that, we can simplify things by getting rid
of the extra nfs_open_context references, so that we can replace all
instances of nfs_readdata_release()/nfs_writedata_release().
Reported-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Tested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 097041e576.
Trond had a better fix, which is the parent of this one ("Fix compile
error due to congestion_wait() changes")
Requested-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Acked-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When building v2.6.31-rc2-344-g69ca06c, the following build errors are
found due to missing includes:
CC [M] fs/fuse/dev.o
fs/fuse/dev.c: In function ‘request_end’:
fs/fuse/dev.c:289: error: ‘BLK_RW_SYNC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
...
fs/nfs/write.c: In function ‘nfs_set_page_writeback’:
fs/nfs/write.c:207: error: ‘BLK_RW_ASYNC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: Larry Finger@lwfinger.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 1faa16d228 accidentally broke
the bdi congestion wait queue logic, causing us to wait on congestion
for WRITE (== 1) when we really wanted BLK_RW_ASYNC (== 0) instead.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Separate commit calls from nfs41: sequence setup/done support
Implement the commit rpc_call_prepare method for
asynchronuos nfs rpcs, call nfs41_setup_sequence from
respective rpc_call_validate_args methods.
Call nfs4_sequence_done from respective rpc_call_done methods.
Note that we need to pass a pointer to the nfs_server in calls data
for passing on to nfs4_sequence_done.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[pnfs: client data server write validate and release]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: Support sessions with O_DIRECT.]
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: separate free slot from sequence done]
[nfs41: nfs4_sequence_free_slot use nfs_client for data server]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Separate write calls from nfs41: sequence setup/done support
Implement the write rpc_call_prepare method for
asynchronuos nfs rpcs, call nfs41_setup_sequence from
respective rpc_call_validate_args methods.
Call nfs4_sequence_done from respective rpc_call_done methods.
Note that we need to pass a pointer to the nfs_server in calls data
for passing on to nfs4_sequence_done.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[pnfs: client data server write validate and release]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[move the nfs4_sequence_free_slot call in nfs_readpage_retry from]
[nfs41: separate free slot from sequence done
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: Support sessions with O_DIRECT.]
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: nfs4_sequence_free_slot use nfs_client for data server]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Initialize nfs4_sequence_res sr_slotid to NFS4_MAX_SLOT_TABLE.
[was nfs41: sequence res use slotid]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
[pulled definition of struct nfs4_sequence_res.sr_slotid to here]
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Move the definition of nfs_need_commit() into the #ifdef CONFIG_NFS_V3
section as originally intended in the patch "NFS: cleanup - remove
struct nfs_inode->ncommit"
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The following patch is a combination of a patch by myself and Peter
Staubach.
Trond: If we allow other processes to dirty pages while a process is doing
a consistency sync to disk, we can end up never making progress.
Peter: Attached is a patch which addresses a continuing problem with
the NFS client generating out of order WRITE requests. While
this is compliant with all of the current protocol
specifications, there are servers in the market which can not
handle out of order WRITE requests very well. Also, this may
lead to sub-optimal block allocations in the underlying file
system on the server. This may cause the read throughputs to
be reduced when reading the file from the server.
Peter: There has been a lot of work recently done to address out of
order issues on a systemic level. However, the NFS client is
still susceptible to the problem. Out of order WRITE
requests can occur when pdflush is in the middle of writing
out pages while the process dirtying the pages calls
generic_file_buffered_write which calls
generic_perform_write which calls
balance_dirty_pages_rate_limited which ends up calling
writeback_inodes which ends up calling back into the NFS
client to writes out dirty pages for the same file that
pdflush happens to be working with.
Signed-off-by: Peter Staubach <staubach@redhat.com>
[modification by Trond to merge the two similar patches]
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The main problem is dealing with inode->i_size: we need to set the
inode->i_lock on all attribute updates, and so vmtruncate won't cut it.
Make an NFS-private version of vmtruncate that has the necessary locking
semantics.
The result should be that the following inode attribute updates are
protected by inode->i_lock
nfsi->cache_validity
nfsi->read_cache_jiffies
nfsi->attrtimeo
nfsi->attrtimeo_timestamp
nfsi->change_attr
nfsi->last_updated
nfsi->cache_change_attribute
nfsi->access_cache
nfsi->access_cache_entry_lru
nfsi->access_cache_inode_lru
nfsi->acl_access
nfsi->acl_default
nfsi->nfs_page_tree
nfsi->ncommit
nfsi->npages
nfsi->open_files
nfsi->silly_list
nfsi->acl
nfsi->open_states
inode->i_size
inode->i_atime
inode->i_mtime
inode->i_ctime
inode->i_nlink
inode->i_uid
inode->i_gid
The following is protected by dir->i_mutex
nfsi->cookieverf
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Currently, if an unstable write completes, we cannot redirty the page in
order to reflect a new change in the page data until after we've sent a
COMMIT request.
This patch allows a page rewrite to proceed without the unnecessary COMMIT
step, putting it immediately back onto the dirty page list, undoing the
VM unstable write accounting, and removing the NFS_PAGE_TAG_COMMIT tag from
the NFS radix tree.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Simplify the loop in nfs_update_request by moving into a separate function
the code that attempts to update an existing cached NFS write.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Clean up: fix a few dprintk messages that still need to show the RPC task ID
correctly, and be sure we use the preferred %lld or %llu instead of %Ld or
%Lu.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Revert commit 44dd151d "NFS: Don't mark a written page as uptodate until it
is on disk". While it is true that the write may fail, that is always the
case. There is no reason why we should treat data on pages that are not
already marked as PG_uptodate as being special. The only thing we gain is a
noticeable slowdown when re-reading these pages.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If a file is being extended, and we're creating a hole, we might as well
declare the entire page to be up to date.
This patch significantly improves the write performance for sparse files
in the case where lseek(SEEK_END) is used to append several non-contiguous
writes at intervals of < PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The commit 2785259631 (nfs: use GFP_NOFS
preloads for radix-tree insertion) appears to have introduced a bug:
We only want to call radix_tree_preload() once after creating a request.
Calling it every time we loop after we created the request, will cause
preemption count leaks.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
When called from nfs_flush_incompatible, the req is not locked, so
req->wb_page might be set to NULL before it is used by PageWriteback.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
It is possible for nfs_wb_page() to sometimes exit with 0 return value, yet
the page is left in a dirty state.
For instance in the case where the server rebooted, and the COMMIT request
failed, then all the previously "clean" pages which were cached by the
server, but were not guaranteed to have been writted out to disk,
have to be redirtied and resent to the server.
The fix is to have nfs_wb_page_priority() check that the page is clean
before it exits...
This fixes a condition that triggers the BUG_ON(PagePrivate(page)) in
nfs_create_request() when we're in the nfs_readpage() path.
Also eliminate a redundant BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page)) while we're at it. It
turns out that clear_page_dirty_for_io() has the exact same test.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Both flush functions have the same error handling routine. Pull
it out as a function.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Ignoring the return value from nfs_pageio_add_request can cause deadlocks.
In read path:
call nfs_pageio_add_request from readpage_async_filler
assume at this point that there are requests already in desc, that
can't be merged with the current request.
so nfs_pageio_doio is fired up to clear out desc.
assume something goes wrong in setting up the io, so desc->pg_error is set.
This causes nfs_pageio_add_request to return 0, *WITHOUT* adding the original
request.
BUT, since return code is ignored, readpage_async_filler assumes it has
been added, and does nothing further, leaving page locked.
do_generic_mapping_read will eventually call lock_page, resulting in deadlock
In write path:
page is marked dirty by generic_perform_write
nfs_writepages is called
call nfs_pageio_add_request from nfs_page_async_flush
assume at this point that there are requests already in desc, that
can't be merged with the current request.
so nfs_pageio_doio is fired up to clear out desc.
assume something goes wrong in setting up the io, so desc->pg_error is set.
This causes nfs_page_async_flush to return 0, *WITHOUT* adding the original
request, yet marking the request as locked (PG_BUSY) and in writeback,
clearing dirty marks.
The next time a write is done to the page, deadlock will result as
nfs_write_end calls nfs_update_request
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Now that we've tightened up the locking rules for RPC queue wakeups, we can
remove the RCU-safe kfree calls...
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We want to ensure that rpc_call_ops that involve mntput() are run on nfsiod
rather than on rpciod, so that they don't deadlock when the resulting
umount calls rpc_shutdown_client(). Hence we specify that read, write and
commit calls must complete on nfsiod.
Ditto for NFSv4 open, lock, locku and close asynchronous calls.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We can't allow rpc callback functions like task->tk_ops->rpc_call_prepare()
and task->tk_ops->rpc_call_done() to call mntput() in any way, since
that will cause a deadlock when the call to rpc_shutdown_client() attempts
to wait on 'task' to complete.
We can avoid the above deadlock by moving calls to mntput to
task->tk_ops->rpc_release() callback, since at that time the task will be
marked as completed, and so rpc_shutdown_client won't attempt to wait on
it.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
NFS should use GFP_NOFS mode radix tree preloads rather than GFP_ATOMIC
allocations at radix-tree insertion-time. This is important to reduce the
atomic memory requirement.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If the inode is flagged as having an invalid mapping, then we can't rely on
the PageUptodate() flag. Ensure that we don't use the "anti-fragmentation"
write optimisation in nfs_updatepage(), since that will cause NFS to write
out areas of the page that are no longer guaranteed to be up to date.
A potential corruption could occur in the following scenario:
client 1 client 2
=============== ===============
fd=open("f",O_CREAT|O_WRONLY,0644);
write(fd,"fubar\n",6); // cache last page
close(fd);
fd=open("f",O_WRONLY|O_APPEND);
write(fd,"foo\n",4);
close(fd);
fd=open("f",O_WRONLY|O_APPEND);
write(fd,"bar\n",4);
close(fd);
-----
The bug may lead to the file "f" reading 'fubar\n\0\0\0\nbar\n' because
client 2 does not update the cached page after re-opening the file for
write. Instead it keeps it marked as PageUptodate() until someone calls
invaldate_inode_pages2() (typically by calling read()).
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Simplify page cache zeroing of segments of pages through 3 functions
zero_user_segments(page, start1, end1, start2, end2)
Zeros two segments of the page. It takes the position where to
start and end the zeroing which avoids length calculations and
makes code clearer.
zero_user_segment(page, start, end)
Same for a single segment.
zero_user(page, start, length)
Length variant for the case where we know the length.
We remove the zero_user_page macro. Issues:
1. Its a macro. Inline functions are preferable.
2. The KM_USER0 macro is only defined for HIGHMEM.
Having to treat this special case everywhere makes the
code needlessly complex. The parameter for zeroing is always
KM_USER0 except in one single case that we open code.
Avoiding KM_USER0 makes a lot of code not having to be dealing
with the special casing for HIGHMEM anymore. Dealing with
kmap is only necessary for HIGHMEM configurations. In those
configurations we use KM_USER0 like we do for a series of other
functions defined in highmem.h.
Since KM_USER0 is depends on HIGHMEM the existing zero_user_page
function could not be a macro. zero_user_* functions introduced
here can be be inline because that constant is not used when these
functions are called.
Also extract the flushing of the caches to be outside of the kmap.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nfs and ntfs build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix ntfs build some more]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Cc: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'task_killable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/willy/misc: (22 commits)
Remove commented-out code copied from NFS
NFS: Switch from intr mount option to TASK_KILLABLE
Add wait_for_completion_killable
Add wait_event_killable
Add schedule_timeout_killable
Use mutex_lock_killable in vfs_readdir
Add mutex_lock_killable
Use lock_page_killable
Add lock_page_killable
Add fatal_signal_pending
Add TASK_WAKEKILL
exit: Use task_is_*
signal: Use task_is_*
sched: Use task_contributes_to_load, TASK_ALL and TASK_NORMAL
ptrace: Use task_is_*
power: Use task_is_*
wait: Use TASK_NORMAL
proc/base.c: Use task_is_*
proc/array.c: Use TASK_REPORT
perfmon: Use task_is_*
...
Fixed up conflicts in NFS/sunrpc manually..
Clean up: PAGE_CACHE_SIZE is unsigned, and nfs_pageio_init() takes a size_t.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Move the common code for setting up the nfs_write_data and nfs_read_data
structures into fs/nfs/read.c, fs/nfs/write.c and fs/nfs/direct.c.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We want the default scheduling priority (priority == 0) to remain
RPC_PRIORITY_NORMAL.
Also ensure that the priority wait queue scheduling is per process id
instead of sometimes being per thread, and sometimes being per inode.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
By using the TASK_KILLABLE infrastructure, we can get rid of the 'intr'
mount option. We have to use _killable everywhere instead of _interruptible
as we get rid of rpc_clnt_sigmask/sigunmask.
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <howlett@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
nfs_wb_page_priority() can now become static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This patch fixes a regression that was introduced by commit
44dd151d5c
We cannot zero the user page in nfs_mark_uptodate() any more, since
a) We'd be modifying the page without holding the page lock
b) We can race with other updates of the page, most notably
because of the call to nfs_wb_page() in nfs_writepage_setup().
Instead, we do the zeroing in nfs_update_request() if we see that we're
creating a request that might potentially be marked as up to date.
Thanks to Olivier Paquet for reporting the bug and providing a test-case.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
These patches aim to improve balance_dirty_pages() and directly address three
issues:
1) inter device starvation
2) stacked device deadlocks
3) inter process starvation
1 and 2 are a direct result from removing the global dirty limit and using
per device dirty limits. By giving each device its own dirty limit is will
no longer starve another device, and the cyclic dependancy on the dirty limit
is broken.
In order to efficiently distribute the dirty limit across the independant
devices a floating proportion is used, this will allocate a share of the total
limit proportional to the device's recent activity.
3 is done by also scaling the dirty limit proportional to the current task's
recent dirty rate.
This patch:
nfs: remove congestion_end(). It's redundant, clear_bdi_congested() already
wakes the waiters.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The lower level routines in fs/nfs/proc.c, fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c and
fs/nfs/nfs4proc.c should already be dealing with the revalidation issues.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This helps prevent huge queues of background writes from building up
whenever the server runs out of disk or quota space, or if someone changes
the file access modes behind our backs.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Schedule writes using WB_SYNC_NONE first, then come back for a second pass
using WB_SYNC_ALL.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The only user of nfs_sync_mapping_range() is nfs_getattr(), which uses it
to flush out the entire inode without sending a commit. We therefore
replace nfs_sync_mapping_range with a more appropriate helper.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Just call write_cache_pages directly instead of hacking the writeback
control structure in order to find out if we were called from writepages()
or directly from the VM.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The addition of nfs_page_mkwrite means that We should no longer need to
create requests inside nfs_writepage()
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Ryusuke Konishi says:
The recent truncate_complete_page() clears the dirty flag from a page
before calling a_ops->invalidatepage(),
^^^^^^
static void
truncate_complete_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)
{
...
cancel_dirty_page(page, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE); <--- Inserted here at
kernel 2.6.20
if (PagePrivate(page))
do_invalidatepage(page, 0); ---> will call
a_ops->invalidatepage()
...
}
and this is disturbing nfs_wb_page_priority() from calling
nfs_writepage_locked() that is expected to handle the pending
request (=nfs_page) associated with the page.
int nfs_wb_page_priority(struct inode *inode, struct page *page, int how)
{
...
if (clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) {
ret = nfs_writepage_locked(page, &wbc);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
}
...
}
Since truncate_complete_page() will get rid of the page after
a_ops->invalidatepage() returns, the request (=nfs_page) associated
with the page becomes a garbage in nfs_inode->nfs_page_tree.
------------------------
Fix this by ensuring that nfs_wb_page_priority() recognises that it may
also need to clear out non-dirty pages that have an nfs_page associated
with them.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
There is no justification for keeping a special spinlock for the exclusive
use of the NFS writeback code.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The write may fail, so we should not mark the page as uptodate until we are
certain that the data has been accepted and written to disk by the server.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
When processes are allowed to attempt to lock a non-contiguous range of nfs
write requests, it is possible for generic_writepages to 'wrap round' the
address space, and call writepage() on a request that is already locked by
the same process.
We avoid the deadlock by checking if the page index is contiguous with the
list of nfs write requests that is already held in our
nfs_pageio_descriptor prior to attempting to lock a new request.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
- fs/nfs/dir.c:610:8: warning: symbol 'nfs_llseek_dir' was not declared.
Should it be static?
- fs/nfs/dir.c:636:5: warning: symbol 'nfs_fsync_dir' was not declared.
Should it be static?
- fs/nfs/write.c:925:19: warning: symbol 'req' shadows an earlier one
- fs/nfs/write.c:61:6: warning: symbol 'nfs_commit_rcu_free' was not
declared. Should it be static?
- fs/nfs/nfs4proc.c:793:5: warning: symbol 'nfs4_recover_expired_lease'
was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Use zero_user_page() instead of the newly deprecated memclear_highpage_flush().
Signed-off-by: Nate Diller <nate.diller@gmail.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Change the atomic_t in struct nfs_server to atomic_long_t in anticipation
of machines that can handle 8+TB of (4K) pages under writeback.
However I suspect other things in NFS will start going *bang* by then.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we do write coalescing in a very inefficient manner: one pass in
generic_writepages() in order to lock the pages for writing, then one pass
in nfs_flush_mapping() and/or nfs_sync_mapping_wait() in order to gather
the locked pages for coalescing into RPC requests of size "wsize".
In fact, it turns out there is actually a deadlock possible here since we
only start I/O on the second pass. If the user signals the process while
we're in nfs_sync_mapping_wait(), for instance, then we may exit before
starting I/O on all the requests that have been queued up.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
It is redundant, and will interfere with the call to
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr in generic_file_write().
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Redirtying a request that is already marked for commit will screw up the
accounting for NR_UNSTABLE_NFS as well as nfs_i.ncommit.
Ensure that all requests on the commit queue are labelled with the
PG_NEED_COMMIT flag, and avoid moving them onto the dirty list inside
nfs_page_mark_flush().
Also inline nfs_mark_request_dirty() into nfs_page_mark_flush() for
atomicity reasons. Avoid dropping the spinlock until we're done marking the
request in the radix tree and have added it to the ->dirty list.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ensure that we don't release the PG_writeback lock until after the page has
either been redirtied, or queued on the nfs_inode 'commit' list.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Get rid of the inlined #ifdefs.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We must remove the request from whatever list it is currently on before we
can add it to the dirty list.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If the writebacks are cancelled via nfs_cancel_dirty_list, or due to the
memory allocation failing in nfs_flush_one/nfs_flush_multi, then we must
ensure that the PG_writeback flag is cleared.
Also ensure that we actually own the PG_writeback flag whenever we
schedule a new writeback by making nfs_set_page_writeback() return the
value of test_set_page_writeback().
The PG_writeback page flag ends up replacing the functionality of the
PG_FLUSHING nfs_page flag, so we rip that out too.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current NFS client congestion logic is severly broken, it marks the
backing device congested during each nfs_writepages() call but doesn't
mirror this in nfs_writepage() which makes for deadlocks. Also it
implements its own waitqueue.
Replace this by a more regular congestion implementation that puts a cap on
the number of active writeback pages and uses the bdi congestion waitqueue.
Also always use an interruptible wait since it makes sense to be able to
SIGKILL the process even for mounts without 'intr'.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ClearPageUptodate() will just cause races here. What we really want to do
is to invalidate the page cache.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The tk_pid field is an unsigned short. The proper print format specifier for
that type is %5u, not %4d.
Also clean up some miscellaneous print formatting nits.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Change all the uses of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} to f_path.{dentry,mnt} in the nfs
client code.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.
The patch was generated using the following script:
#!/bin/sh
#
# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
#
set -e
for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
quilt add $file
sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
mv /tmp/$$ $file
quilt refresh
done
The script was run like this
sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Bryan Schumaker