In following situation, with memory subsystem,
/groupA use_hierarchy==1
/01 some tasks
/02 some tasks
/03 some tasks
/04 empty
When tasks under 01/02/03 hit limit on /groupA, hierarchical reclaim
is triggered and the kernel walks tree under groupA. In this case,
rmdir /groupA/04 fails with -EBUSY frequently because of temporal
refcnt from the kernel.
In general. cgroup can be rmdir'd if there are no children groups and
no tasks. Frequent fails of rmdir() is not useful to users.
(And the reason for -EBUSY is unknown to users.....in most cases)
This patch tries to modify above behavior, by
- retries if css_refcnt is got by someone.
- add "return value" to pre_destroy() and allows subsystem to
say "we're really busy!"
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is a fairly common operation to have a pointer to a work and to need a
pointer to the delayed work it is contained in. In particular, all
delayed works which want to rearm themselves will have to do that. So it
would seem fair to offer a helper function for this operation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The calculation of the value nr in do_xip_mapping_read is incorrect. If
the copy required more than one iteration in the do while loop the copies
variable will be non-zero. The maximum length that may be passed to the
call to copy_to_user(buf+copied, xip_mem+offset, nr) is len-copied but the
check only compares against (nr > len).
This bug is the cause for the heap corruption Carsten has been chasing
for so long:
*** glibc detected *** /bin/bash: free(): invalid next size (normal): 0x00000000800e39f0 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib64/libc.so.6[0x200000b9b44]
/lib64/libc.so.6(cfree+0x8e)[0x200000bdade]
/bin/bash(free_buffered_stream+0x32)[0x80050e4e]
/bin/bash(close_buffered_stream+0x1c)[0x80050ea4]
/bin/bash(unset_bash_input+0x2a)[0x8001c366]
/bin/bash(make_child+0x1d4)[0x8004115c]
/bin/bash[0x8002fc3c]
/bin/bash(execute_command_internal+0x656)[0x8003048e]
/bin/bash(execute_command+0x5e)[0x80031e1e]
/bin/bash(execute_command_internal+0x79a)[0x800305d2]
/bin/bash(execute_command+0x5e)[0x80031e1e]
/bin/bash(reader_loop+0x270)[0x8001efe0]
/bin/bash(main+0x1328)[0x8001e960]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x100)[0x200000592a8]
/bin/bash(clearerr+0x5e)[0x8001c092]
With this bug fix the commit 0e4a9b5928
"ext2/xip: refuse to change xip flag during remount with busy inodes" can
be removed again.
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Even though vmstat_work is marked deferrable, there are still benefits to
aligning it. For certain applications we want to keep OS jitter as low as
possible and aligning timers and work so they occur together can reduce
their overall impact.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a number of issues with the per-MM VMA patch:
(1) Make mmap_pages_allocated an atomic_long_t, just in case this is used on
a NOMMU system with more than 2G pages. Makes no difference on a 32-bit
system.
(2) Report vma->vm_pgoff * PAGE_SIZE as a 64-bit value, not a 32-bit value,
lest it overflow.
(3) Move the allocation of the vm_area_struct slab back for fork.c.
(4) Use KMEM_CACHE() for both vm_area_struct and vm_region slabs.
(5) Use BUG_ON() rather than if () BUG().
(6) Make the default validate_nommu_regions() a static inline rather than a
#define.
(7) Make free_page_series()'s objection to pages with a refcount != 1 more
informative.
(8) Adjust the __put_nommu_region() banner comment to indicate that the
semaphore must be held for writing.
(9) Limit the number of warnings about munmaps of non-mmapped regions.
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This fixes a build failure with generic debug pagealloc:
mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'set_page_poison':
mm/debug-pagealloc.c:8: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'clear_page_poison':
mm/debug-pagealloc.c:13: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'page_poison':
mm/debug-pagealloc.c:18: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
mm/debug-pagealloc.c: At top level:
mm/debug-pagealloc.c:120: error: redefinition of 'kernel_map_pages'
include/linux/mm.h:1278: error: previous definition of 'kernel_map_pages' was here
mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'kernel_map_pages':
mm/debug-pagealloc.c:122: error: 'debug_pagealloc_enabled' undeclared (first use in this function)
by fixing
- debug_flags should be in struct page
- define DEBUG_PAGEALLOC config option for all architectures
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Synopsis: if shmem_writepage calls swap_writepage directly, most shmem
swap loads benefit, and a catastrophic interaction between SLUB and some
flash storage is avoided.
shmem_writepage() has always been peculiar in making no attempt to write:
it has just transferred a shmem page from file cache to swap cache, then
let that page make its way around the LRU again before being written and
freed.
The idea was that people use tmpfs because they want those pages to stay
in RAM; so although we give it an overflow to swap, we should resist
writing too soon, giving those pages a second chance before they can be
reclaimed.
That was always questionable, and I've toyed with this patch for years;
but never had a clear justification to depart from the original design.
It became more questionable in 2.6.28, when the split LRU patches classed
shmem and tmpfs pages as SwapBacked rather than as file_cache: that in
itself gives them more resistance to reclaim than normal file pages. I
prepared this patch for 2.6.29, but the merge window arrived before I'd
completed gathering statistics to justify sending it in.
Then while comparing SLQB against SLUB, running SLUB on a laptop I'd
habitually used with SLAB, I found SLUB to run my tmpfs kbuild swapping
tests five times slower than SLAB or SLQB - other machines slower too, but
nowhere near so bad. Simpler "cp -a" swapping tests showed the same.
slub_max_order=0 brings sanity to all, but heavy swapping is too far from
normal to justify such a tuning. The crucial factor on that laptop turns
out to be that I'm using an SD card for swap. What happens is this:
By default, SLUB uses order-2 pages for shmem_inode_cache (and many other
fs inodes), so creating tmpfs files under memory pressure brings lumpy
reclaim into play. One subpage of the order is chosen from the bottom of
the LRU as usual, then the other three picked out from their random
positions on the LRUs.
In a tmpfs load, many of these pages will be ones which already passed
through shmem_writepage, so already have swap allocated. And though their
offsets on swap were probably allocated sequentially, now that the pages
are picked off at random, their swap offsets are scattered.
But the flash storage on the SD card is very sensitive to having its
writes merged: once swap is written at scattered offsets, performance
falls apart. Rotating disk seeks increase too, but less disastrously.
So: stop giving shmem/tmpfs pages a second pass around the LRU, write them
out to swap as soon as their swap has been allocated.
It's surely possible to devise an artificial load which runs faster the
old way, one whose sizing is such that the tmpfs pages on their second
pass are the ones that are wanted again, and other pages not.
But I've not yet found such a load: on all machines, under the loads I've
tried, immediate swap_writepage speeds up shmem swapping: especially when
using the SLUB allocator (and more effectively than slub_max_order=0), but
also with the others; and it also reduces the variance between runs. How
much faster varies widely: a factor of five is rare, 5% is common.
One load which might have suffered: imagine a swapping shmem load in a
limited mem_cgroup on a machine with plenty of memory. Before 2.6.29 the
swapcache was not charged, and such a load would have run quickest with
the shmem swapcache never written to swap. But now swapcache is charged,
so even this load benefits from shmem_writepage directly to swap.
Apologies for the #ifndef CONFIG_SWAP swap_writepage() stub in swap.h:
it's silly because that will never get called; but refactoring shmem.c
sensibly according to CONFIG_SWAP will be a separate task.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
try_to_free_pages() is used for the direct reclaim of up to
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pages when watermarks are low. The caller to
alloc_pages_nodemask() can specify a nodemask of nodes that are allowed to
be used but this is not passed to try_to_free_pages(). This can lead to
unnecessary reclaim of pages that are unusable by the caller and int the
worst case lead to allocation failure as progress was not been make where
it is needed.
This patch passes the nodemask used for alloc_pages_nodemask() to
try_to_free_pages().
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a shrinker has a negative number of objects to delete, the symbol
name of the shrinker should be printed, not shrink_slab. This also makes
the error message slightly more informative.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU available when CONFIG_MMU=n. There's no logical
reason it shouldn't be available, and it can be used for ramfs.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Enrik Berkhan <Enrik.Berkhan@ge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mlock() facility does not exist for NOMMU since all mappings are
effectively locked anyway, so we don't make the bits available when
they're not useful.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Enrik Berkhan <Enrik.Berkhan@ge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
x86 has debug_kmap_atomic_prot() which is error checking function for
kmap_atomic. It is usefull for the other architectures, although it needs
CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT.
This patch exposes it to the other architectures.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the page_mkwrite prototype to take a struct vm_fault, and return
VM_FAULT_xxx flags. There should be no functional change.
This makes it possible to return much more detailed error information to
the VM (and also can provide more information eg. virtual_address to the
driver, which might be important in some special cases).
This is required for a subsequent fix. And will also make it easier to
merge page_mkwrite() with fault() in future.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org>
Cc: Felix Blyakher <felixb@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Addresses http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9838
On i386, HZ=1000, jiffies_to_clock_t() converts time in a somewhat strange
way from the user's point of view:
# echo 500 >/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
# cat /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
499
So, we have 5000 jiffies converted to only 499 clock ticks and reported
back.
TICK_NSEC = 999848
ACTHZ = 256039
Keeping in-kernel variable in units passed from userspace will fix issue
of course, but this probably won't be right for every sysctl.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is now supported by x86, powerpc, sparc64, and
s390. This patch implements it for the rest of the architectures by
filling the pages with poison byte patterns after free_pages() and
verifying the poison patterns before alloc_pages().
This generic one cannot detect invalid page accesses immediately but
invalid read access may cause invalid dereference by poisoned memory and
invalid write access can be detected after a long delay.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I notice there are many places doing copy_from_user() which follows
kmalloc():
dst = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dst)
return -ENOMEM;
if (copy_from_user(dst, src, len)) {
kfree(dst);
return -EFAULT
}
memdup_user() is a wrapper of the above code. With this new function, we
don't have to write 'len' twice, which can lead to typos/mistakes. It
also produces smaller code and kernel text.
A quick grep shows 250+ places where memdup_user() *may* be used. I'll
prepare a patchset to do this conversion.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Americo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
chg is unsigned, so it cannot be less than 0.
Also, since region_chg returns long, let vma_needs_reservation() forward
this to alloc_huge_page(). Store it as long as well. all callers cast it
to long anyway.
Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pagevec_swap_free() at the end of shrink_active_list() was introduced
in 68a22394 "vmscan: free swap space on swap-in/activation" when
shrink_active_list() was still rotating referenced active pages.
In 7e9cd48 "vmscan: fix pagecache reclaim referenced bit check" this was
changed, the rotating removed but the pagevec_swap_free() after the
rotation loop was forgotten, applying now to the pagevec of the
deactivation loop instead.
Now swap space is freed for deactivated pages. And only for those that
happen to be on the pagevec after the deactivation loop.
Complete 7e9cd48 and remove the rest of the swap freeing.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In shrink_active_list() after the deactivation loop, we strip buffer heads
from the potentially remaining pages in the pagevec.
Currently, this drops the zone's lru lock for stripping, only to reacquire
it again afterwards to update statistics.
It is not necessary to strip the pages before updating the stats, so move
the whole thing out of the protected region and save the extra locking.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a helper function account_page_dirtied(). Use that from two
callsites. reiser4 adds a function which adds a third callsite.
Signed-off-by: Edward Shishkin<edward.shishkin@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During page allocation, there are two stages of direct reclaim that are
applied to each zone in the preferred list. The first stage using
zone_reclaim() reclaims unmapped file backed pages and slab pages if over
defined limits as these are cheaper to reclaim. The caller specifies the
order of the target allocation but the scan control is not being correctly
initialised.
The impact is that the correct number of pages are being reclaimed but
that lumpy reclaim is not being applied. This increases the chances of a
full direct reclaim via try_to_free_pages() is required.
This patch initialises the order field of the scan control as requested by
the caller.
[mel@csn.ul.ie: rewrote changelog]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At first look, mark_page_accessed() in follow_page() seems a bit strange.
It seems pte_mkyoung() would be better consistent with other kernel code.
However, it is intentional. The commit log said:
------------------------------------------------
commit 9e45f61d69be9024a2e6bef3831fb04d90fac7a8
Author: akpm <akpm>
Date: Fri Aug 15 07:24:59 2003 +0000
[PATCH] Use mark_page_accessed() in follow_page()
Touching a page via follow_page() counts as a reference so we should be
either setting the referenced bit in the pte or running mark_page_accessed().
Altering the pte is tricky because we haven't implemented an atomic
pte_mkyoung(). And mark_page_accessed() is better anyway because it has more
aging state: it can move the page onto the active list.
BKrev: 3f3c8acbplT8FbwBVGtth7QmnqWkIw
------------------------------------------------
The atomic issue is still true nowadays. adding comment help to understand
code intention and it would be better.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clarify text]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shrink_inactive_list() scans in sc->swap_cluster_max chunks until it hits
the scan limit it was passed.
shrink_inactive_list()
{
do {
isolate_pages(swap_cluster_max)
shrink_page_list()
} while (nr_scanned < max_scan);
}
This assumes that swap_cluster_max is not bigger than the scan limit
because the latter is checked only after at least one iteration.
In shrink_all_memory() sc->swap_cluster_max is initialized to the overall
reclaim goal in the beginning but not decreased while reclaim is making
progress which leads to subsequent calls to shrink_inactive_list()
reclaiming way too much in the one iteration that is done unconditionally.
Set sc->swap_cluster_max always to the proper goal before doing
shrink_all_zones()
shrink_list()
shrink_inactive_list().
While the current shrink_all_memory() happily reclaims more than actually
requested, this patch fixes it to never exceed the goal:
unpatched
wanted=10000 reclaimed=13356
wanted=10000 reclaimed=19711
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10289
wanted=10000 reclaimed=17306
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10700
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10004
wanted=10000 reclaimed=13301
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10976
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10605
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10088
wanted=10000 reclaimed=15000
patched
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=9599
wanted=10000 reclaimed=8476
wanted=10000 reclaimed=8326
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=9919
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=9624
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=10000 reclaimed=10000
wanted=8500 reclaimed=8092
wanted=316 reclaimed=316
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <ncunningham@crca.org.au>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a79311c14e "vmscan: bail out of
direct reclaim after swap_cluster_max pages" moved the nr_reclaimed
counter into the scan control to accumulate the number of all reclaimed
pages in a reclaim invocation.
shrink_all_memory() can use the same mechanism. it increase code
consistency and redability.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit bf3f3bc5e7 (mm: don't
mark_page_accessed in fault path) only remove the mark_page_accessed() in
filemap_fault().
Therefore, swap-backed pages and file-backed pages have inconsistent
behavior. mark_page_accessed() should be removed from do_swap_page().
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: cleanup
In almost cases, for_each_zone() is used with populated_zone(). It's
because almost function doesn't need memoryless node information.
Therefore, for_each_populated_zone() can help to make code simplify.
This patch has no functional change.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small cleanup]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sc.may_swap does not only influence reclaiming of anon pages but pages
mapped into pagetables in general, which also includes mapped file pages.
In shrink_page_list():
if (!sc->may_swap && page_mapped(page))
goto keep_locked;
For anon pages, this makes sense as they are always mapped and reclaiming
them always requires swapping.
But mapped file pages are skipped here as well and it has nothing to do
with swapping.
The real effect of the knob is whether mapped pages are unmapped and
reclaimed or not. Rename it to `may_unmap' to have its name match its
actual meaning more precisely.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no need to call for int_sqrt if argument is 0.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmap's dirty_list is unused. It's for optimizing flushing. but Nick
didn't write the code yet. so, we don't need it until time as it is
needed.
This patch removes vmap_block's dirty_list and codes related to it.
Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In case if start_pfn overlap the upper bound no need to test end_pfn again
since we have it already trimmed.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: build fix
fix typo in mm/slob.c:
mm/slob.c:469: error: ‘flags’ undeclared (first use in this function)
mm/slob.c:469: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
mm/slob.c:469: error: for each function it appears in.)
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20090128135457.350751756@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'x86-stage-3-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (190 commits)
Revert "cpuacct: reduce one NULL check in fast-path"
Revert "x86: don't compile vsmp_64 for 32bit"
x86: Correct behaviour of irq affinity
x86: early_ioremap_init(), use __fix_to_virt(), because we are sure it's safe
x86: use default_cpu_mask_to_apicid for 64bit
x86: fix set_extra_move_desc calling
x86, PAT, PCI: Change vma prot in pci_mmap to reflect inherited prot
x86/dmi: fix dmi_alloc() section mismatches
x86: e820 fix various signedness issues in setup.c and e820.c
x86: apic/io_apic.c define msi_ir_chip and ir_ioapic_chip all the time
x86: irq.c keep CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC interrupts together
x86: irq.c use same path for show_interrupts
x86: cpu/cpu.h cleanup
x86: Fix a couple of sparse warnings in arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
Revert "x86: create a non-zero sized bm_pte only when needed"
x86: pci-nommu.c cleanup
x86: io_delay.c cleanup
x86: rtc.c cleanup
x86: i8253 cleanup
x86: kdebugfs.c cleanup
...
It doesn't change the semantics, but it looks like
the logical 'or' was meant to be used here.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Zaytsev <alexey.zaytsev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Impact: cleanup
Time to clean up remaining laggards using the old cpu_ functions.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com
Impact: cleanup
(Thanks to Al Viro for reminding me of this, via Ingo)
CPU_MASK_ALL is the (deprecated) "all bits set" cpumask, defined as so:
#define CPU_MASK_ALL (cpumask_t) { { ... } }
Taking the address of such a temporary is questionable at best,
unfortunately 321a8e9d (cpumask: add CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR macro) added
CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR:
#define CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR (&CPU_MASK_ALL)
Which formalizes this practice. One day gcc could bite us over this
usage (though we seem to have gotten away with it so far).
So replace everywhere which used &CPU_MASK_ALL or CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR
with the modern "cpu_all_mask" (a real const struct cpumask *).
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
* 'devel' of master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm: (422 commits)
[ARM] 5435/1: fix compile warning in sanity_check_meminfo()
[ARM] 5434/1: ARM: OMAP: Fix mailbox compile for 24xx
[ARM] pxa: fix the bad assumption that PCMCIA sockets always start with 0
[ARM] pxa: fix Colibri PXA300 and PXA320 LCD backlight pins
imxfb: Fix TFT mode
i.MX21/27: remove ifdef CONFIG_FB_IMX
imxfb: add clock support
mxc: add arch_reset() function
clkdev: add possibility to get a clock based on the device name
i.MX1: remove fb support from mach-imx
[ARM] pxa: build arch/arm/plat-pxa/mfp.c only when PXA3xx or ARCH_MMP defined
Gemini: Add support for Teltonika RUT100
Gemini: gpiolib based GPIO support v2
MAINTAINERS: add myself as Gemini architecture maintainer
ARM: Add Gemini architecture v3
[ARM] OMAP: Fix compile for omap2_init_common_hw()
MAINTAINERS: Add myself as Faraday ARM core variant maintainer
ARM: Add support for FA526 v2
[ARM] acorn,ebsa110,footbridge,integrator,sa1100: Convert asm/io.h to linux/io.h
[ARM] collie: fix two minor formatting nits
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6:
slob: fix lockup in slob_free()
slub: use get_track()
slub: rename calculate_min_partial() to set_min_partial()
slub: add min_partial sysfs tunable
slub: move min_partial to struct kmem_cache
SLUB: Fix default slab order for big object sizes
SLUB: Do not pass 8k objects through to the page allocator
SLUB: Introduce and use SLUB_MAX_SIZE and SLUB_PAGE_SHIFT constants
slob: clean up the code
SLUB: Use ->objsize from struct kmem_cache_cpu in slab_free()
* 'for-2.6.30' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
Get rid of pdflush_operation() in emergency sync and remount
btrfs: get rid of current_is_pdflush() in btrfs_btree_balance_dirty
Move the default_backing_dev_info out of readahead.c and into backing-dev.c
block: Repeated lines in switching-sched.txt
bsg: Remove bogus check against request_queue->max_sectors
block: WARN in __blk_put_request() for potential bio leak
loop: fix circular locking in loop_clr_fd()
loop: support barrier writes
bsg: add support for tail queuing
cpqarray: enable bus mastering
block: genhd.h cleanup patch
block: add private bio_set for bio integrity allocations
block: genhd.h comment needs updating
block: get rid of unused blkdev_free_rq() define
block: remove various blk_queue_*() setting functions in blk_init_queue_node()
cciss: add BUILD_BUG_ON() for catching bad CommandList_struct alignment
block: don't create bio_vec slabs of less than the inline number
block: cleanup bio_alloc_bioset()
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/security-testing-2.6: (71 commits)
SELinux: inode_doinit_with_dentry drop no dentry printk
SELinux: new permission between tty audit and audit socket
SELinux: open perm for sock files
smack: fixes for unlabeled host support
keys: make procfiles per-user-namespace
keys: skip keys from another user namespace
keys: consider user namespace in key_permission
keys: distinguish per-uid keys in different namespaces
integrity: ima iint radix_tree_lookup locking fix
TOMOYO: Do not call tomoyo_realpath_init unless registered.
integrity: ima scatterlist bug fix
smack: fix lots of kernel-doc notation
TOMOYO: Don't create securityfs entries unless registered.
TOMOYO: Fix exception policy read failure.
SELinux: convert the avc cache hash list to an hlist
SELinux: code readability with avc_cache
SELinux: remove unused av.decided field
SELinux: more careful use of avd in avc_has_perm_noaudit
SELinux: remove the unused ae.used
SELinux: check seqno when updating an avc_node
...
Enlarge default dirty ratios from 5/10 to 10/20. This fixes [Bug
#12809] iozone regression with 2.6.29-rc6.
The iozone benchmarks are performed on a 1200M file, with 8GB ram.
iozone -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 -i 3 -i 4 -r 4k -s 64k -s 512m -s 1200m -b tmp.xls
iozone -B -r 4k -s 64k -s 512m -s 1200m -b tmp.xls
The performance regression is triggered by commit 1cf6e7d83bf3(mm: task
dirty accounting fix), which makes more correct/thorough dirty
accounting.
The default 5/10 dirty ratios were picked (a) with the old dirty logic
and (b) largely at random and (c) designed to be aggressive. In
particular, that (a) means that having fixed some of the dirty
accounting, maybe the real bug is now that it was always too aggressive,
just hidden by an accounting issue.
The enlarged 10/20 dirty ratios are just about enough to fix the regression.
[ We will have to look at how this affects the old fsync() latency issue,
but that probably will need independent work. - Linus ]
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reported-by: "Lin, Ming M" <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Tested-by: "Lin, Ming M" <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Don't hold SLOB lock when freeing the page. Reduces lock hold width. See
the following thread for discussion of the bug:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=123709983214143&w=2
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Use get_track() in set_track()
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Impact: build fix on SH !CONFIG_MMU
Stephen Rothwell reported this linux-next build failure on the SH
architecture:
kernel/built-in.o: In function `disable_all_kprobes':
kernel/kprobes.c:1382: undefined reference to `text_mutex'
[...]
And observed:
| Introduced by commit 4460fdad85 ("tracing,
| Text Edit Lock - kprobes architecture independent support") from the
| tracing tree. text_mutex is defined in mm/memory.c which is only built
| if CONFIG_MMU is defined, which is not true for sh allmodconfig.
Move this lock to kernel/extable.c (which is already home to various
kernel text related routines), which file is always built-in.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
LKML-Reference: <20090320110602.86351a91.sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Most ARM machines have a non IO coherent cache, meaning that the
dma_map_*() set of functions must clean and/or invalidate the affected
memory manually before DMA occurs. And because the majority of those
machines have a VIVT cache, the cache maintenance operations must be
performed using virtual
addresses.
When a highmem page is kunmap'd, its mapping (and cache) remains in place
in case it is kmap'd again. However if dma_map_page() is then called with
such a page, some cache maintenance on the remaining mapping must be
performed. In that case, page_address(page) is non null and we can use
that to synchronize the cache.
It is unlikely but still possible for kmap() to race and recycle the
virtual address obtained above, and use it for another page before some
on-going cache invalidation loop in dma_map_page() is done. In that case,
the new mapping could end up with dirty cache lines for another page,
and the unsuspecting cache invalidation loop in dma_map_page() might
simply discard those dirty cache lines resulting in data loss.
For example, let's consider this sequence of events:
- dma_map_page(..., DMA_FROM_DEVICE) is called on a highmem page.
--> - vaddr = page_address(page) is non null. In this case
it is likely that the page has valid cache lines
associated with vaddr. Remember that the cache is VIVT.
--> for (i = vaddr; i < vaddr + PAGE_SIZE; i += 32)
invalidate_cache_line(i);
*** preemption occurs in the middle of the loop above ***
- kmap_high() is called for a different page.
--> - last_pkmap_nr wraps to zero and flush_all_zero_pkmaps()
is called. The pkmap_count value for the page passed
to dma_map_page() above happens to be 1, so the page
is unmapped. But prior to that, flush_cache_kmaps()
cleared the cache for it. So far so good.
- A fresh pkmap entry is assigned for this kmap request.
The Murphy law says this pkmap entry will eventually
happen to use the same vaddr as the one which used to
belong to the other page being processed by
dma_map_page() in the preempted thread above.
- The kmap_high() caller start dirtying the cache using the
just assigned virtual mapping for its page.
*** the first thread is rescheduled ***
- The for(...) loop is resumed, but now cached
data belonging to a different physical page is
being discarded !
And this is not only a preemption issue as ARM can be SMP as well,
making the above scenario just as likely. Hence the need for some kind
of pkmap page pinning which can be used in any context, primarily for
the benefit of dma_map_page() on ARM.
This provides the necessary interface to cope with the above issue if
ARCH_NEEDS_KMAP_HIGH_GET is defined, otherwise the resulting code is
unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>
Reviewed-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: cleanup
Add a new vm flag VM_PFN_AT_MMAP to identify a PFNMAP that is
fully mapped with remap_pfn_range. Patch removes the overloading
of VM_INSERTPAGE from the earlier patch.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
LKML-Reference: <20090313233543.GA19909@linux-os.sc.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup
node_to_cpumask (and the blecherous node_to_cpumask_ptr which
contained a declaration) are replaced now everyone implements
cpumask_of_node.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Impact: fix false positive PAT warnings - also fix VirtalBox hang
Use of vma->vm_pgoff to identify the pfnmaps that are fully
mapped at mmap time is broken. vm_pgoff is set by generic mmap
code even for cases where drivers are setting up the mappings
at the fault time.
The problem was originally reported here:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=123383810628583&w=2
Change is_linear_pfn_mapping logic to overload VM_INSERTPAGE
flag along with VM_PFNMAP to mean full PFNMAP setup at mmap
time.
Problem also tracked at:
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12800
Reported-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Tested-by: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha>@intel.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: "ebiederm@xmission.com" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # only for 2.6.29.1, not .28
LKML-Reference: <20090313004527.GA7176@linux-os.sc.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Even when page reclaim is under mem_cgroup, # of scan page is determined by
status of global LRU. Fix that.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: remove spurious WARN on legacy SMP percpu allocator
Commit f2a8205c4e incorrectly added too
tight WARN_ON_ONCE() on alignments for UP and legacy SMP percpu
allocator. Commit e317603694 fixed it
for UP but legacy SMP allocator was forgotten. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Sachin P. Sant <sachinp@in.ibm.com>
Impact: code reorganization
Separate out embedding first chunk setup helper from x86 embedding
first chunk allocator and put it in mm/percpu.c. This will be used by
the default percpu first chunk allocator and possibly by other archs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: cleanup, more flexibility for first chunk init
Non-negative @dyn_size used to be allowed iff @unit_size wasn't auto.
This restriction stemmed from implementation detail and made things a
bit less intuitive. This patch allows @dyn_size to be specified
regardless of @unit_size and swaps the positions of @dyn_size and
@unit_size so that the parameter order makes more sense (static,
reserved and dyn sizes followed by enclosing unit_size).
While at it, add @unit_size >= PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE sanity check.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: generic addr <-> pcpu ptr conversion macros
There's nothing arch specific about x86 __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and
__pcpu_ptr_to_addr(). With proper __per_cpu_load and __per_cpu_start
defined, they'll do the right thing regardless of actual layout.
Move these macros from arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h to mm/percpu.c
and allow archs to override it as necessary.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: fix deadlock and allow atomic free
Percpu allocation always uses GFP_KERNEL and whole alloc/free paths
were protected by single mutex. All percpu allocations have been from
GFP_KERNEL-safe context and the original allocator had this assumption
too. However, by protecting both alloc and free paths with the same
mutex, the new allocator creates free -> alloc -> GFP_KERNEL
dependency which the original allocator didn't have. This can lead to
deadlock if free is called from FS or IO paths. Also, in general,
allocators are expected to allow free to be called from atomic
context.
This patch implements finer grained locking to break the deadlock and
allow atomic free. For details, please read the "Synchronization
rules" comment.
While at it, also add CONTEXT: to function comments to describe which
context they expect to be called from and what they do to it.
This problem was reported by Thomas Gleixner and Peter Zijlstra.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/802384
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
This is an architecture independant synchronization around kernel text
modifications through use of a global mutex.
A mutex has been chosen so that kprobes, the main user of this, can sleep
during memory allocation between the memory read of the instructions it
must replace and the memory write of the breakpoint.
Other user of this interface: immediate values.
Paravirt and alternatives are always done when SMP is inactive, so there
is no need to use locks.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
LKML-Reference: <49B142D8.7020601@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: code reorganization for later changes
Do fully free chunk reclamation using a work. This change is to
prepare for locking changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: code reorganization for later changes
Separate out chunk area map extension into a separate function -
pcpu_extend_area_map() - and call it directly from pcpu_alloc() such
that pcpu_alloc_area() is guaranteed to have enough area map slots on
invocation.
With this change, pcpu_alloc_area() does only area allocation and the
only failure mode is when the chunk doens't have enough room, so
there's no need to distinguish it from memory allocation failures.
Make it return -1 on such cases instead of hacky -ENOSPC.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: code reorganization for later changes
With static map handling moved to pcpu_split_block(), pcpu_realloc()
only clutters the code and it's also unsuitable for scheduled locking
changes. Implement and use pcpu_mem_alloc/free() instead.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: add reserved allocation functionality and use it for module
percpu variables
This patch implements reserved allocation from the first chunk. When
setting up the first chunk, arch can ask to set aside certain number
of bytes right after the core static area which is available only
through a separate reserved allocator. This will be used primarily
for module static percpu variables on architectures with limited
relocation range to ensure that the module perpcu symbols are inside
the relocatable range.
If reserved area is requested, the first chunk becomes reserved and
isn't available for regular allocation. If the first chunk also
includes piggy-back dynamic allocation area, a separate chunk mapping
the same region is created to serve dynamic allocation. The first one
is called static first chunk and the second dynamic first chunk.
Although they share the page map, their different area map
initializations guarantee they serve disjoint areas according to their
purposes.
If arch doesn't setup reserved area, reserved allocation is handled
like any other allocation.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: allow sharing page map, no functional difference yet
Make chunk->page access indirect by adding a pointer and renaming the
actual array to page_ar. This will be used by future changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: argument semantic cleanup
In pcpu_setup_first_chunk(), zero @unit_size and @dyn_size meant
auto-sizing. It's okay for @unit_size as 0 doesn't make sense but 0
dynamic reserve size is valid. Alos, if arch @dyn_size is calculated
from other parameters, it might end up passing in 0 @dyn_size and
malfunction when the size is automatically adjusted.
This patch makes both @unit_size and @dyn_size ssize_t and use -1 for
auto sizing.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: no functional change
When the first chunk is created, its initial area map is not allocated
because kmalloc isn't online yet. The map is allocated and
initialized on the first allocation request on the chunk. This works
fine but the scattering of initialization logic between the init
function and allocation path is a bit confusing.
This patch makes the first chunk initialize and use minimal statically
allocated map from pcpu_setpu_first_chunk(). The map resizing path
still needs to handle this specially but it's more straight-forward
and gives more latitude to the init path. This will ease future
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: cosmetic, preparation for future changes
Make the following renames in pcpur_setup_first_chunk() in preparation
for future changes.
* s/free_size/dyn_size/
* s/static_vm/first_vm/
* s/static_chunk/schunk/
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: standardize IO on cached ops
On modern CPUs it is almost always a bad idea to use non-temporal stores,
as the regression in this commit has shown it:
30d697f: x86: fix performance regression in write() syscall
The kernel simply has no good information about whether using non-temporal
stores is a good idea or not - and trying to add heuristics only increases
complexity and inserts fragility.
The regression on cached write()s took very long to be found - over two
years. So dont take any chances and let the hardware decide how it makes
use of its caches.
The only exception is drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c: there were we are
absolutely sure that another entity (the GPU) will pick up the dirty
data immediately and that the CPU will not touch that data before the
GPU will.
Also, keep the _nocache() primitives to make it easier for people to
experiment with these details. There may be more clear-cut cases where
non-cached copies can be used, outside of filemap.c.
Cc: Salman Qazi <sqazi@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix new breakages introduced by previous fix
Commit c132937556 tried to clean up
bootmem arch wrapper but it wasn't quite correct. Before the commit,
the followings were broken.
* Low level interface functions prefixed with __ ignored arch
preference.
* reserve_bootmem(...) can't be mapped into
reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0)->bdata, ...) because the node is
not preference here. The region specified MUST fall into the
specified region; otherwise, it will panic.
After the commit,
* If allocation fails for the arch preferred node, it should fallback
to whatever is available. Instead, it simply failed allocation.
There are too many internal details to allow generic wrapping and
still keep things simple for archs. Plus, all that arch wants is a
way to prefer certain node over another.
This patch drops the generic wrapping around alloc_bootmem_core() and
add alloc_bootmem_core() instead. If necessary, arch can define
bootmem_arch_referred_node() macro or function which takes all
allocation information and returns the preferred node. bootmem
generic code will always try the preferred node first and then
fallback to other nodes as usual.
Breakages noted and changes reviewed by Johannes Weiner.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Impact: remove compile warning
Mark local variable map_end in pcpu_populate_chunk() with
uninitialized_var(). The variable is always used in tandem with
map_start and guaranteed to be initialized before use but gcc doesn't
understand that.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
I just got this new warning from kmemcheck:
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from freed memory (c7806a60)
a06a80c7ecde70c1a04080c700000000a06709c1000000000000000000000000
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
^
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted (2.6.29-rc4 #230)
EIP: 0060:[<c1096df7>] EFLAGS: 00000286 CPU: 0
EIP is at __purge_vmap_area_lazy+0x117/0x140
EAX: 00070f43 EBX: c7806a40 ECX: c1677080 EDX: 00027b66
ESI: 00002001 EDI: c170df0c EBP: c170df00 ESP: c178830c
DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068
CR0: 80050033 CR2: c7806b14 CR3: 01775000 CR4: 00000690
DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000
DR6: 00004000 DR7: 00000000
[<c1096f3e>] free_unmap_vmap_area_noflush+0x6e/0x70
[<c1096f6a>] remove_vm_area+0x2a/0x70
[<c1097025>] __vunmap+0x45/0xe0
[<c10970de>] vunmap+0x1e/0x30
[<c1008ba5>] text_poke+0x95/0x150
[<c1008ca9>] alternatives_smp_unlock+0x49/0x60
[<c171ef47>] alternative_instructions+0x11b/0x124
[<c171f991>] check_bugs+0xbd/0xdc
[<c17148c5>] start_kernel+0x2ed/0x360
[<c171409e>] __init_begin+0x9e/0xa9
[<ffffffff>] 0xffffffff
It happened here:
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i c1096df7
mm/vmalloc.c:540
Code:
list_for_each_entry(va, &valist, purge_list)
__free_vmap_area(va);
It's this instruction:
mov 0x20(%ebx),%edx
Which corresponds to a dereference of va->purge_list.next:
(gdb) p ((struct vmap_area *) 0)->purge_list.next
Cannot access memory at address 0x20
It seems that we should use "safe" list traversal here, as the element
is freed inside the loop. Please verify that this is the right fix.
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The new vmap allocator can wrap the address and get confused in the case
of large allocations or VMALLOC_END near the end of address space.
Problem reported by Christoph Hellwig on a 32-bit XFS workload.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Each time I exit Firefox, /proc/meminfo's Committed_AS goes down almost
400 kB: OVERCOMMIT_NEVER would be allowing overcommits it should
prohibit.
Commit fc8744adc8 "Stop playing silly
games with the VM_ACCOUNT flag" changed shmem_file_setup() to set the
shmem file's VM_ACCOUNT flag according to VM_NORESERVE not being set in
the vma flags; but did so only _after_ the shmem_acct_size(flags, size)
call which is expected to pre-account a shared anonymous object.
It's all clearer if we switch shmem.c over to use VM_NORESERVE
throughout in place of !VM_ACCOUNT.
But I very nearly sent in a patch which mistakenly removed the
accounting from tmpfs files: shmem_get_inode()'s memset was good for not
setting VM_ACCOUNT, but now it needs to set VM_NORESERVE.
Rather than setting that by default, then perhaps clearing it again in
shmem_file_setup(), let's pass it as a flag to shmem_get_inode(): that
allows us to remove the #ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM from shmem_file_setup().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: cleanup, enable future change
Add a 'total bytes copied' parameter to __copy_from_user_*nocache(),
and update all the callsites.
The parameter is not used yet - architecture code can use it to
more intelligently decide whether the copy should be cached or
non-temporal.
Cc: Salman Qazi <sqazi@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
As suggested by Christoph Lameter, rename calculate_min_partial() to
set_min_partial() as the function doesn't really do any calculations.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Most global variables in percpu allocator are initialized during boot
and read only from that point on. Add __read_mostly as per Rusty's
suggestion.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Impact: more latitude for first percpu chunk allocation
The first percpu chunk serves the kernel static percpu area and may or
may not contain extra room for further dynamic allocation.
Initialization of the first chunk needs to be done before normal
memory allocation service is up, so it has its own init path -
pcpu_setup_static().
It seems archs need more latitude while initializing the first chunk
for example to take advantage of large page mapping. This patch makes
the following changes to allow this.
* Define PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE to give arch hint about how much space
to reserve in the first chunk for further dynamic allocation.
* Rename pcpu_setup_static() to pcpu_setup_first_chunk().
* Make pcpu_setup_first_chunk() much more flexible by fetching page
pointer by callback and adding optional @unit_size, @free_size and
@base_addr arguments which allow archs to selectively part of chunk
initialization to their likings.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: allow unit_size to be arbitrary multiple of PAGE_SIZE
In dynamic percpu allocator, there is no reason the unit size should
be power of two. Remove the restriction.
As non-power-of-two unit size means that empty chunks fall into the
same slot index as lightly occupied chunks which is bad for reclaming.
Reserve an extra slot for empty chunks.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: allow larger alignment for early vmalloc area allocation
Some early vmalloc users might want larger alignment, for example, for
custom large page mapping. Add @align to vm_area_register_early().
While at it, drop docbook comment on non-existent @size.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Impact: cleaner and consistent bootmem wrapping
By setting CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM_NODE, archs can define
arch-specific wrappers for bootmem allocation. However, this is done
a bit strangely in that only the high level convenience macros can be
changed while lower level, but still exported, interface functions
can't be wrapped. This not only is messy but also leads to strange
situation where alloc_bootmem() does what the arch wants it to do but
the equivalent __alloc_bootmem() call doesn't although they should be
able to be used interchangeably.
This patch updates bootmem such that archs can override / wrap the
backend function - alloc_bootmem_core() instead of the highlevel
interface functions to allow simpler and consistent wrapping. Also,
HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM_NODE is renamed to HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Impact: fix short allocation leading to memory corruption
While dropping rvalue wrapping macros around global parameters,
pcpu_chunk_struct_size was set incorrectly resulting in shorter page
pointer array. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Now that a cache's min_partial has been moved to struct kmem_cache, it's
possible to easily tune it from userspace by adding a sysfs attribute.
It may not be desirable to keep a large number of partial slabs around
if a cache is used infrequently and memory, especially when constrained
by a cgroup, is scarce. It's better to allow userspace to set the
minimum policy per cache instead of relying explicitly on
kmem_cache_shrink().
The memory savings from simply moving min_partial from struct
kmem_cache_node to struct kmem_cache is obviously not significant
(unless maybe you're from SGI or something), at the largest it's
# allocated caches * (MAX_NUMNODES - 1) * sizeof(unsigned long)
The true savings occurs when userspace reduces the number of partial
slabs that would otherwise be wasted, especially on machines with a
large number of nodes (ia64 with CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT at 10 for default?).
As well as the kernel estimates ideal values for n->min_partial and
ensures it's within a sane range, userspace has no other input other
than writing to /sys/kernel/slab/cache/shrink.
There simply isn't any better heuristic to add when calculating the
partial values for a better estimate that works for all possible caches.
And since it's currently a static value, the user really has no way of
reclaiming that wasted space, which can be significant when constrained
by a cgroup (either cpusets or, later, memory controller slab limits)
without shrinking it entirely.
This also allows the user to specify that increased fragmentation and
more partial slabs are actually desired to avoid the cost of allocating
new slabs at runtime for specific caches.
There's also no reason why this should be a per-struct kmem_cache_node
value in the first place. You could argue that a machine would have
such node size asymmetries that it should be specified on a per-node
basis, but we know nobody is doing that right now since it's a purely
static value at the moment and there's no convenient way to tune that
via slub's sysfs interface.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Although it allows for better cacheline use, it is unnecessary to save a
copy of the cache's min_partial value in each kmem_cache_node.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* hibernate:
PM: Fix suspend_console and resume_console to use only one semaphore
PM: Wait for console in resume
PM: Fix pm_notifiers during user mode hibernation
swsusp: clean up shrink_all_zones()
swsusp: dont fiddle with swappiness
PM: fix build for CONFIG_PM unset
PM/hibernate: fix "swap breaks after hibernation failures"
PM/resume: wait for device probing to finish
Consolidate driver_probe_done() loops into one place
Move local variables to innermost possible scopes and use local
variables to cache calculations/reads done more than once.
No change in functionality (intended).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sc.swappiness is not used in the swsusp memory shrinking path, do not
set it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12239
The image writing code dropped a reference to the current swap device.
This doesn't show up if the hibernation succeeds - because it doesn't
affect the image which gets resumed. But it means multiple _failed_
hibernations end up freeing the swap device while it is still use!
swsusp_write() finds the block device for the swap file using swap_type_of().
It then uses blkdev_get() / blkdev_put() to open and close the block device.
Unfortunately, blkdev_get() assumes ownership of the inode of the block_device
passed to it. So blkdev_put() calls iput() on the inode. This is by design
and other callers expect this behaviour. The fix is for swap_type_of() to take
a reference on the inode using bdget().
Signed-off-by: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew was concerned about the unit of variables named or have suffix
size. Every usage in percpu allocator is in bytes but make it super
clear by adding comments.
While at it, make pcpu_depopulate_chunk() take int @off and @size like
everyone else.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: proper vcache flush on unmap_kernel_range()
flush_cache_vunmap() should be called before pages are unmapped. Add
a call to it in unmap_kernel_range().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kzfree() is a wrapper for kfree() that additionally zeroes the underlying
memory before releasing it to the slab allocator.
Currently there is code which memset()s the memory region of an object
before releasing it back to the slab allocator to make sure
security-sensitive data are really zeroed out after use.
These callsites can then just use kzfree() which saves some code, makes
users greppable and allows for a stupid destructor that isn't necessarily
aware of the actual object size.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As a preparational patch to bump up page allocator pass-through threshold,
introduce two new constants SLUB_MAX_SIZE and SLUB_PAGE_SHIFT and convert
mm/slub.c to use them.
Reported-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
The default order of kmalloc-8192 on 2*4 stoakley is an issue of
calculate_order.
slab_size order name
-------------------------------------------------
4096 3 sgpool-128
8192 2 kmalloc-8192
16384 3 kmalloc-16384
kmalloc-8192's default order is smaller than sgpool-128's.
On 4*4 tigerton machine, a similiar issue appears on another kmem_cache.
Function calculate_order uses 'min_objects /= 2;' to shrink. Plus size
calculation/checking in slab_order, sometimes above issue appear.
Below patch against 2.6.29-rc2 fixes it.
I checked the default orders of all kmem_cache and they don't become
smaller than before. So the patch wouldn't hurt performance.
Signed-off-by Zhang Yanmin <yanmin.zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
As a preparational patch to bump up page allocator pass-through threshold,
introduce two new constants SLUB_MAX_SIZE and SLUB_PAGE_SHIFT and convert
mm/slub.c to use them.
Reported-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Impact: new scalable dynamic percpu allocator which allows dynamic
percpu areas to be accessed the same way as static ones
Implement scalable dynamic percpu allocator which can be used for both
static and dynamic percpu areas. This will allow static and dynamic
areas to share faster direct access methods. This feature is optional
and enabled only when CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA is defined by
arch. Please read comment on top of mm/percpu.c for details.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: two more public map/unmap functions
Implement map_kernel_range_noflush() and unmap_kernel_range_noflush().
These functions respectively map and unmap address range in kernel VM
area but doesn't do any vcache or tlb flushing. These will be used by
new percpu allocator.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Impact: allow multiple early vm areas
There are places where kernel VM area needs to be allocated before
vmalloc is initialized. This is done by allocating static vm_struct,
initializing several fields and linking it to vmlist and later vmalloc
initialization picking up these from vmlist. This is currently done
manually and if there's more than one such areas, there's no defined
way to arbitrate who gets which address.
This patch implements vm_area_register_early(), which takes vm_area
struct with flags and size initialized, assigns address to it and puts
it on the vmlist. This way, multiple early vm areas can determine
which addresses they should use. The only current user - alpha mm
init - is converted to use it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: kill unused functions
percpu_alloc() and its friends never saw much action. It was supposed
to replace the cpu-mask unaware __alloc_percpu() but it never happened
and in fact __percpu_alloc_mask() itself never really grew proper
up/down handling interface either (no exported interface for
populate/depopulate).
percpu allocation is about to go through major reimplementation and
there's no reason to carry this unused interface around. Replace it
with __alloc_percpu() and free_percpu().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Impact: proper vcache flush on unmap_kernel_range()
flush_cache_vunmap() should be called before pages are unmapped. Add
a call to it in unmap_kernel_range().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
block: fix deadlock in blk_abort_queue() for drivers that readd to timeout list
block: fix booting from partitioned md array
block: revert part of 18ce3751cc
cciss: PCI power management reset for kexec
paride/pg.c: xs(): &&/|| confusion
fs/bio: bio_alloc_bioset: pass right object ptr to mempool_free
block: fix bad definition of BIO_RW_SYNC
bsg: Fix sense buffer bug in SG_IO
Now, early_pfn_in_nid(PFN, NID) may returns false if PFN is a hole.
and memmap initialization was not done. This was a trouble for
sparc boot.
To fix this, the PFN should be initialized and marked as PG_reserved.
This patch changes early_pfn_in_nid() return true if PFN is a hole.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: David Miller <davem@davemlloft.net>
Tested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.25.x, 2.6.26.x, 2.6.27.x, 2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
What's happening is that the assertion in mm/page_alloc.c:move_freepages()
is triggering:
BUG_ON(page_zone(start_page) != page_zone(end_page));
Once I knew this is what was happening, I added some annotations:
if (unlikely(page_zone(start_page) != page_zone(end_page))) {
printk(KERN_ERR "move_freepages: Bogus zones: "
"start_page[%p] end_page[%p] zone[%p]\n",
start_page, end_page, zone);
printk(KERN_ERR "move_freepages: "
"start_zone[%p] end_zone[%p]\n",
page_zone(start_page), page_zone(end_page));
printk(KERN_ERR "move_freepages: "
"start_pfn[0x%lx] end_pfn[0x%lx]\n",
page_to_pfn(start_page), page_to_pfn(end_page));
printk(KERN_ERR "move_freepages: "
"start_nid[%d] end_nid[%d]\n",
page_to_nid(start_page), page_to_nid(end_page));
...
And here's what I got:
move_freepages: Bogus zones: start_page[2207d0000] end_page[2207dffc0] zone[fffff8103effcb00]
move_freepages: start_zone[fffff8103effcb00] end_zone[fffff8003fffeb00]
move_freepages: start_pfn[0x81f600] end_pfn[0x81f7ff]
move_freepages: start_nid[1] end_nid[0]
My memory layout on this box is:
[ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges:
[ 0.000000] Normal 0x00000000 -> 0x0081ff5d
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node
[ 0.000000] early_node_map[8] active PFN ranges
[ 0.000000] 0: 0x00000000 -> 0x00020000
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x00800000 -> 0x0081f7ff
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081f800 -> 0x0081fe50
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081fed1 -> 0x0081fed8
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081feda -> 0x0081fedb
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081fedd -> 0x0081fee5
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081fee7 -> 0x0081ff51
[ 0.000000] 1: 0x0081ff59 -> 0x0081ff5d
So it's a block move in that 0x81f600-->0x81f7ff region which triggers
the problem.
This patch:
Declaration of early_pfn_to_nid() is scattered over per-arch include
files, and it seems it's complicated to know when the declaration is used.
I think it makes fix-for-memmap-init not easy.
This patch moves all declaration to include/linux/mm.h
After this,
if !CONFIG_NODES_POPULATES_NODE_MAP && !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
-> Use static definition in include/linux/mm.h
else if !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
-> Use generic definition in mm/page_alloc.c
else
-> per-arch back end function will be called.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: David Miller <davem@davemlloft.net>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.25.x, 2.6.26.x, 2.6.27.x, 2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
YAMAMOTO-san noticed that task_dirty_inc doesn't seem to be called properly for
cases where set_page_dirty is not used to dirty a page (eg. mark_buffer_dirty).
Additionally, there is some inconsistency about when task_dirty_inc is
called. It is used for dirty balancing, however it even gets called for
__set_page_dirty_no_writeback.
So rather than increment it in a set_page_dirty wrapper, move it down to
exactly where the dirty page accounting stats are incremented.
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have get_vm_area_caller() and __get_vm_area() but not
__get_vm_area_caller()
On powerpc, I use __get_vm_area() to separate the ranges of addresses
given to vmalloc vs. ioremap (various good reasons for that) so in order
to be able to implement the new caller tracking in /proc/vmallocinfo, I
need a "_caller" variant of it.
(akpm: needed for ongoing powerpc development, so merge it early)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can't OR shift values, so get rid of BIO_RW_SYNC and use BIO_RW_SYNCIO
and BIO_RW_UNPLUG explicitly. This brings back the behaviour from before
213d9417fe.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, vm86: fix preemption bug
x86, olpc: fix model detection without OFW
x86, hpet: fix for LS21 + HPET = boot hang
x86: CPA avoid repeated lazy mmu flush
x86: warn if arch_flush_lazy_mmu_cpu is called in preemptible context
x86/paravirt: make arch_flush_lazy_mmu/cpu disable preemption
x86, pat: fix warn_on_once() while mapping 0-1MB range with /dev/mem
x86/cpa: make sure cpa is safe to call in lazy mmu mode
x86, ptrace, mm: fix double-free on race
Impact: fix build warning
Fix:
mm/vmscan.c: In function ‘kswapd’:
mm/vmscan.c:1969: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code
node_to_cpumask_ptr(cpumask, pgdat->node_id), has a side-effect: it
defines the 'cpumask' local variable as well, so it has to go into
the variable definition section.
Sidenote: it might make sense to make this purpose of these macros
more apparent, by naming them the standard way, such as:
DEFINE_node_to_cpumask_ptr(cpumask, pgdat->node_id);
(But that is outside the scope of this patch.)
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Here is another version, with the incremental patch rolled up, and
added reclaim context annotation to kswapd, and allocation tracing
to slab allocators (which may only ever reach the page allocator
in rare cases, so it is good to put annotations here too).
Haven't tested this version as such, but it should be getting closer
to merge worthy ;)
--
After noticing some code in mm/filemap.c accidentally perform a __GFP_FS
allocation when it should not have been, I thought it might be a good idea to
try to catch this kind of thing with lockdep.
I coded up a little idea that seems to work. Unfortunately the system has to
actually be in __GFP_FS page reclaim, then take the lock, before it will mark
it. But at least that might still be some orders of magnitude more common
(and more debuggable) than an actual deadlock condition, so we have some
improvement I hope (the concept is no less complete than discovery of a lock's
interrupt contexts).
I guess we could even do the same thing with __GFP_IO (normal reclaim), and
even GFP_NOIO locks too... but filesystems will have the most locks and fiddly
code paths, so let's start there and see how it goes.
It *seems* to work. I did a quick test.
=================================
[ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
2.6.28-rc6-00007-ged31348-dirty #26
---------------------------------
inconsistent {in-reclaim-W} -> {ov-reclaim-W} usage.
modprobe/8526 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes:
(testlock){--..}, at: [<ffffffffa0020055>] brd_init+0x55/0x216 [brd]
{in-reclaim-W} state was registered at:
[<ffffffff80267bdb>] __lock_acquire+0x75b/0x1a60
[<ffffffff80268f71>] lock_acquire+0x91/0xc0
[<ffffffff8070f0e1>] mutex_lock_nested+0xb1/0x310
[<ffffffffa002002b>] brd_init+0x2b/0x216 [brd]
[<ffffffff8020903b>] _stext+0x3b/0x170
[<ffffffff80272ebf>] sys_init_module+0xaf/0x1e0
[<ffffffff8020c3fb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
irq event stamp: 3929
hardirqs last enabled at (3929): [<ffffffff8070f2b5>] mutex_lock_nested+0x285/0x310
hardirqs last disabled at (3928): [<ffffffff8070f089>] mutex_lock_nested+0x59/0x310
softirqs last enabled at (3732): [<ffffffff8061f623>] sk_filter+0x83/0xe0
softirqs last disabled at (3730): [<ffffffff8061f5b6>] sk_filter+0x16/0xe0
other info that might help us debug this:
1 lock held by modprobe/8526:
#0: (testlock){--..}, at: [<ffffffffa0020055>] brd_init+0x55/0x216 [brd]
stack backtrace:
Pid: 8526, comm: modprobe Not tainted 2.6.28-rc6-00007-ged31348-dirty #26
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff80265483>] print_usage_bug+0x193/0x1d0
[<ffffffff80266530>] mark_lock+0xaf0/0xca0
[<ffffffff80266735>] mark_held_locks+0x55/0xc0
[<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd]
[<ffffffff802667ca>] trace_reclaim_fs+0x2a/0x60
[<ffffffff80285005>] __alloc_pages_internal+0x475/0x580
[<ffffffff8070f29e>] ? mutex_lock_nested+0x26e/0x310
[<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd]
[<ffffffffa002006a>] brd_init+0x6a/0x216 [brd]
[<ffffffffa0020000>] ? brd_init+0x0/0x216 [brd]
[<ffffffff8020903b>] _stext+0x3b/0x170
[<ffffffff8070f8b9>] ? mutex_unlock+0x9/0x10
[<ffffffff8070f83d>] ? __mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x10d/0x180
[<ffffffff802669ec>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x12c/0x190
[<ffffffff80272ebf>] sys_init_module+0xaf/0x1e0
[<ffffffff8020c3fb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
A bug was introduced into write_cache_pages cyclic writeout by commit
31a12666d8 ("mm: write_cache_pages cyclic
fix"). The intention (and comments) is that we should cycle back and
look for more dirty pages at the beginning of the file if there is no
more work to be done.
But the !done condition was dropped from the test. This means that any
time the page writeout loop breaks (eg. due to nr_to_write == 0), we
will set index to 0, then goto again. This will set done_index to
index, then find done is set, so will proceed to the end of the
function. When updating mapping->writeback_index for cyclic writeout,
we now use done_index == 0, so we're always cycling back to 0.
This seemed to be causing random mmap writes (slapadd and iozone) to
start writing more pages from the LRU and writeout would slowdown, and
caused bugzilla entry
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12604
about Berkeley DB slowing down dramatically.
With this patch, iozone random write performance is increased nearly
5x on my system (iozone -B -r 4k -s 64k -s 512m -s 1200m on ext2).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reported-and-tested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 7b2cd92adc ("crypto: api - Fix
zeroing on free") added modular user of ksize(). Export that to fix
crypto.ko compilation.
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Christophe Saout reported [in precursor to:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=123209902707347&w=4]:
> Note that I also some a different issue with CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU.
> Seems like Xen tears down current->mm early on process termination, so
> that __get_user_pages in exit_mmap causes nasty messages when the
> process had any mlocked pages. (in fact, it somehow manages to get into
> the swapping code and produces a null pointer dereference trying to get
> a swap token)
Jeremy explained:
Yes. In the normal case under Xen, an in-use pagetable is "pinned",
meaning that it is RO to the kernel, and all updates must go via hypercall
(or writes are trapped and emulated, which is much the same thing). An
unpinned pagetable is not currently in use by any process, and can be
directly accessed as normal RW pages.
As an optimisation at process exit time, we unpin the pagetable as early
as possible (switching the process to init_mm), so that all the normal
pagetable teardown can happen with direct memory accesses.
This happens in exit_mmap() -> arch_exit_mmap(). The munlocking happens
a few lines below. The obvious thing to do would be to move
arch_exit_mmap() to below the munlock code, but I think we'd want to
call it even if mm->mmap is NULL, just to be on the safe side.
Thus, this patch:
exit_mmap() needs to unlock any locked vmas before calling arch_exit_mmap,
as the latter may switch the current mm to init_mm, which would cause the
former to fail.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christophe Saout <christophe@saout.de>
Cc: Keir Fraser <keir.fraser@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: Christophe Saout <christophe@saout.de>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@hp.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit dcf6a79dda ("write-back: fix
nr_to_write counter") fixed nr_to_write counter, but didn't set the break
condition properly.
If nr_to_write == 0 after being decremented it will loop one more time
before setting done = 1 and breaking the loop.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_cgroup's page allocation at init/memory hotplug uses kmalloc() and
vmalloc(). If kmalloc() failes, vmalloc() is used.
This is because vmalloc() is very limited resource on 32bit systems.
We want to use kmalloc() first.
But in this kind of call, __GFP_NOWARN should be specified.
Reported-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When I tested following program, I found that the mlocked counter
is strange. It cannot free some mlocked pages.
It is because try_to_unmap_file() doesn't check real
page mappings in vmas.
That is because the goal of an address_space for a file is to find all
processes into which the file's specific interval is mapped. It is
related to the file's interval, not to pages.
Even if the page isn't really mapped by the vma, it returns SWAP_MLOCK
since the vma has VM_LOCKED, then calls try_to_mlock_page. After this the
mlocked counter is increased again.
COWed anon page in a file-backed vma could be a such case. This patch
resolves it.
-- my test program --
int main()
{
mlockall(MCL_CURRENT);
return 0;
}
-- before --
root@barrios-target-linux:~# cat /proc/meminfo | egrep 'Mlo|Unev'
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
-- after --
root@barrios-target-linux:~# cat /proc/meminfo | egrep 'Mlo|Unev'
Unevictable: 8 kB
Mlocked: 8 kB
Signed-off-by: MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to pass an unsigned long as the minimum, because it gets casted
to an unsigned long in the sysctl handler. If we pass an int, we'll
access four more bytes on 64bit arches, resulting in a random minimum
value.
[rientjes@google.com: fix type of `old_bytes']
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
migrate_vmas() should check "vma" not "vma->vm_next" for for-loop condition.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 5a6fe12595 brought hugetlbfs more
in line with the core VM by obeying VM_NORESERVE and not reserving
hugepages for both shared and private mappings when [SHM|MAP]_NORESERVE
are specified. However, it is still taking filesystem quota
unconditionally.
At fault time, if there are no reserves and attempt is made to allocate
the page and account for filesystem quota. If either fail, the fault
fails. The impact is that quota is getting accounted for twice. This
patch partially reverts 5a6fe12595. To
help prevent this mistake happening again, it improves the documentation
of hugetlb_reserve_pages()
Reported-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ptrace_detach() races with __ptrace_unlink() if the traced task is
reaped while detaching. This might cause a double-free of the BTS
buffer.
Change the ptrace_detach() path to only do the memory accounting in
ptrace_bts_detach() and leave the buffer free to ptrace_bts_untrace()
which will be called from __ptrace_unlink().
The fix follows a proposal from Oleg Nesterov.
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Based on comments from Mike Frysinger and Randy Dunlap:
(http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/9/262)
- moved ima.h include before CONFIG_SHMEM test to fix compiler error
on Blackfin:
mm/shmem.c: In function 'shmem_zero_setup':
mm/shmem.c:2670: error: implicit declaration of function 'ima_shm_check'
- added 'struct linux_binprm' in ima.h to fix compiler warning on Blackfin:
In file included from mm/shmem.c:32:
include/linux/ima.h:25: warning: 'struct linux_binprm' declared inside
parameter list
include/linux/ima.h:25: warning: its scope is only this definition or
declaration, which is probably not what you want
- moved fs.h include within _LINUX_IMA_H definition
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
When overcommit is disabled, the core VM accounts for pages used by anonymous
shared, private mappings and special mappings. It keeps track of VMAs that
should be accounted for with VM_ACCOUNT and VMAs that never had a reserve
with VM_NORESERVE.
Overcommit for hugetlbfs is much riskier than overcommit for base pages
due to contiguity requirements. It avoids overcommiting on both shared and
private mappings using reservation counters that are checked and updated
during mmap(). This ensures (within limits) that hugepages exist in the
future when faults occurs or it is too easy to applications to be SIGKILLed.
As hugetlbfs makes its own reservations of a different unit to the base page
size, VM_ACCOUNT should never be set. Even if the units were correct, we would
double account for the usage in the core VM and hugetlbfs. VM_NORESERVE may
be set because an application can request no reserves be made for hugetlbfs
at the risk of getting killed later.
With commit fc8744adc8, VM_NORESERVE and
VM_ACCOUNT are getting unconditionally set for hugetlbfs-backed mappings. This
breaks the accounting for both the core VM and hugetlbfs, can trigger an
OOM storm when hugepage pools are too small lockups and corrupted counters
otherwise are used. This patch brings hugetlbfs more in line with how the
core VM treats VM_NORESERVE but prevents VM_ACCOUNT being set.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 27421e211a, Manually revert
"mlock: downgrade mmap sem while populating mlocked regions", has
introduced its own regression: __mlock_vma_pages_range() may report
an error (for example, -EFAULT from trying to lock down pages from
beyond EOF), but mlock_vma_pages_range() must hide that from its
callers as before.
Reported-by: Sami Farin <safari-kernel@safari.iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The number of calls to ima_path_check()/ima_file_free()
should be balanced. An extra call to fput(), indicates
the file could have been accessed without first being
measured.
Although f_count is incremented/decremented in places other
than fget/fput, like fget_light/fput_light and get_file, the
current task must already hold a file refcnt. The call to
__fput() is delayed until the refcnt becomes 0, resulting
in ima_file_free() flagging any changes.
- add hook to increment opencount for IPC shared memory(SYSV),
shmat files, and /dev/zero
- moved NULL iint test in opencount_get()
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
This patch replaces the generic integrity hooks, for which IMA registered
itself, with IMA integrity hooks in the appropriate places directly
in the fs directory.
Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Fix do_wp_page for VM_MIXEDMAP mappings.
In the case where pfn_valid returns 0 for a pfn at the beginning of
do_wp_page and the mapping is not shared writable, the code branches to
label `gotten:' with old_page == NULL.
In case the vma is locked (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED), lock_page,
clear_page_mlock, and unlock_page try to access the old_page.
This patch checks whether old_page is valid before it is dereferenced.
The regression was introduced by "mlock: mlocked pages are unevictable"
(commit b291f00039).
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 05fe478dd0 introduced some
@wbc->nr_to_write breakage.
It made the following changes:
1. Decrement wbc->nr_to_write instead of nr_to_write
2. Decrement wbc->nr_to_write _only_ if wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE
3. If synced nr_to_write pages, stop only if if wbc->sync_mode ==
WB_SYNC_NONE, otherwise keep going.
However, according to the commit message, the intention was to only make
change 3. Change 1 is a bug. Change 2 does not seem to be necessary,
and it breaks UBIFS expectations, so if needed, it should be done
separately later. And change 2 does not seem to be documented in the
commit message.
This patch does the following:
1. Undo changes 1 and 2
2. Add a comment explaining change 3 (it very useful to have comments
in _code_, not only in the commit).
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6:
slub: fix per cpu kmem_cache_cpu array memory leak
kmalloc: return NULL instead of link failure
This essentially reverts commit 8edb08caf6.
It downgraded our mmap semaphore to a read-lock while mlocking pages, in
order to allow other threads (and external accesses like "ps" et al) to
walk the vma lists and take page faults etc. Which is a nice idea, but
the implementation does not work.
Because we cannot upgrade the lock back to a write lock without
releasing the mmap semaphore, the code had to release the lock entirely
and then re-take it as a writelock. However, that meant that the caller
possibly lost the vma chain that it was following, since now another
thread could come in and mmap/munmap the range.
The code tried to work around that by just looking up the vma again and
erroring out if that happened, but quite frankly, that was just a buggy
hack that doesn't actually protect against anything (the other thread
could just have replaced the vma with another one instead of totally
unmapping it).
The only way to downgrade to a read map _reliably_ is to do it at the
end, which is likely the right thing to do: do all the 'vma' operations
with the write-lock held, then downgrade to a read after completing them
all, and then do the "populate the newly mlocked regions" while holding
just the read lock. And then just drop the read-lock and return to user
space.
The (perhaps somewhat simpler) alternative is to just make all the
callers of mlock_vma_pages_range() know that the mmap lock got dropped,
and just re-grab the mmap semaphore if it needs to mlock more than one
vma region.
So we can do this "downgrade mmap sem while populating mlocked regions"
thing right, but the way it was done here was absolutely not correct.
Thus the revert, in the expectation that we will do it all correctly
some day.
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mmap_region() code would temporarily set the VM_ACCOUNT flag for
anonymous shared mappings just to inform shmem_zero_setup() that it
should enable accounting for the resulting shm object. It would then
clear the flag after calling ->mmap (for the /dev/zero case) or doing
shmem_zero_setup() (for the MAP_ANON case).
This just resulted in vma merge issues, but also made for just
unnecessary confusion. Use the already-existing VM_NORESERVE flag for
this instead, and let shmem_{zero|file}_setup() just figure it out from
that.
This also happens to make it obvious that the new DRI2 GEM layer uses a
non-reserving backing store for its object allocation - which is quite
possibly not intentional. But since I didn't want to change semantics
in this patch, I left it alone, and just updated the caller to use the
new flag semantics.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit de33c8db59 ("Fix OOPS in
mmap_region() when merging adjacent VM_LOCKED file segments") unified
the vma merging of anonymous and file maps to just one place, which
simplified the code and fixed a use-after-free bug that could cause an
oops.
But by doing the merge opportunistically before even having called
->mmap() on the file method, it now compares two different 'vm_flags'
values: the pre-mmap() value of the new not-yet-formed vma, and previous
mappings of the same file around it.
And in doing so, it refused to merge the common file case, which adds a
marker to say "I can be made non-linear".
This fixes it by just adding a set of flags that don't have to match,
because we know they are ok to merge. Currently it's only that single
VM_CAN_NONLINEAR flag, but at least conceptually there could be others
in the future.
Reported-and-acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_POSSIBLE doesn't means there is memory...and force_empty can
visit invalid node which have no pgdat.
To visit all valid nodes, N_HIGH_MEMORY should be used.
Reported-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, at swapoff, even while try_charge() fails, commit is executed. This
is a bug which turns the refcnt of cgroup_subsys_state negative.
Reported-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The lifetime of struct cgroup and struct mem_cgroup is different and
mem_cgroup has its own reference count for handling references from
swap_cgroup.
This causes strange problem that the parent mem_cgroup dies while child
mem_cgroup alive, and this problem causes a bug in case of
use_hierarchy==1 because res_counter_uncharge climbs up the tree.
This patch is for avoiding it by getting the parent at create, and putting
it at freeing.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by; KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As of commit ba470de431 ("map: handle
mlocked pages during map, remap, unmap") we now use the 'vma' variable
at the end of mmap_region() to handle the page-in of newly mapped
mlocked pages.
However, if we merged adjacent vma's together, the vma we're using may
be stale. We historically consciously avoided using it after the merge
operation, but that got overlooked when redoing the locked page
handling.
This commit simplifies mmap_region() by doing any vma merges early,
avoiding the issue entirely, and 'vma' will always be valid. As pointed
out by Hugh Dickins, this depends on any drivers that change the page
offset of flags to have set one of the VM_SPECIAL bits (so that they
cannot trigger the early merge logic), but that's true in general.
Reported-and-tested-by: Maksim Yevmenkin <maksim.yevmenkin@gmail.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The per cpu array of kmem_cache_cpu structures accomodates
NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU such structs.
When this array overflows and a struct is allocated by kmalloc(), it may
have an address at the upper bound of this array. If this happens, it
does not get freed and the per cpu kmem_cache_cpu_free pointer will be out
of bounds after kmem_cache_destroy() or cpu offlining.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
This patch adds the name of the process to the bad allocation error
message on non-MMU systems.
Changed suggested by jsujjavanich@syntech-fuelmaster.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Presently we do not support these interfaces, so make them BUG() wrappers
as per the rest of the vmap interface on nommu. Fixes up the modular xfs
build.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
- Use NULL instead of plain 0;
- Rename slob_page() to is_slob_page();
- Define slob_page() to convert void* to struct slob_page*;
- Rename slob_new_page() to slob_new_pages();
- Define slob_free_pages() accordingly.
Compile tests only.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
(suppose: memcg->use_hierarchy == 0 and memcg->swappiness == 60)
echo 10 > /memcg/0/swappiness |
mem_cgroup_swappiness_write() |
... | echo 1 > /memcg/0/use_hierarchy
| mkdir /mnt/0/1
| sub_memcg->swappiness = 60;
memcg->swappiness = 10; |
In the above scenario, we end up having 2 different swappiness
values in a single hierarchy.
We should hold cgroup_lock() when cheking cgrp->children list.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At system boot when creating the top cgroup, mem_cgroup_create() calls
enable_swap_cgroup() which is marked as __init, so mark
mem_cgroup_create() as __ref to avoid false section mismatch warning.
Reported-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by; KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In previous implementation, mem_cgroup_try_charge checked the return
value of mem_cgroup_try_to_free_pages, and just retried if some pages
had been reclaimed.
But now, try_charge(and mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim called from it)
only checks whether the usage is less than the limit.
This patch tries to change the behavior as before to cause oom less
frequently.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If root_mem has no children, last_scaned_child is set to root_mem itself.
But after some children added to root_mem, mem_cgroup_get_next_node can
mem_cgroup_put the root_mem although root_mem has not been mem_cgroup_get.
This patch fixes this behavior by:
- Set last_scanned_child to NULL if root_mem has no children or DFS
search has returned to root_mem itself(root_mem is not a "child" of
root_mem). Make mem_cgroup_get_first_node return root_mem in this case.
There are no mem_cgroup_get/put for root_mem.
- Rename mem_cgroup_get_next_node to __mem_cgroup_get_next_node, and
mem_cgroup_get_first_node to mem_cgroup_get_next_node. Make
mem_cgroup_hierarchical_reclaim call only new mem_cgroup_get_next_node.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a bug in error path of mem_cgroup_move_parent.
Extra refcnt got from try_charge should be dropped, and usages incremented
by try_charge should be decremented in both error paths:
A: failure at get_page_unless_zero
B: failure at isolate_lru_page
This bug makes this parent directory unremovable.
In case of A, rmdir doesn't return, because res.usage doesn't go down to 0
at mem_cgroup_force_empty even after all the pc in lru are removed.
In case of B, rmdir fails and returns -EBUSY, because it has extra ref
counts even after res.usage goes down to 0.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On alpha, we have to map some stuff in the VMALLOC space very early in the
boot process (to make SRM console callbacks work and so on, see
arch/alpha/mm/init.c). For old VM allocator, we just manually placed a
vm_struct onto the global vmlist and this worked for ages.
Unfortunately, the new allocator isn't aware of this, so it constantly
tries to allocate the VM space which is already in use, making vmalloc on
alpha defunct.
This patch forces KVA to import vmlist entries on init.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded check (per Johannes)]
Signed-off-by: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's no reason to use ->objsize from struct kmem_cache in slab_free() for
the SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS case. All it does is generate extra cache pressure as we
try very hard not to touch struct kmem_cache in the fast-path.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
System calls with an unsigned long long argument can't be converted with
the standard wrappers since that would include a cast to long, which in
turn means that we would lose the upper 32 bit on 32 bit architectures.
Also semctl can't use the standard wrapper since it has a 'union'
parameter.
So we handle them as special case and add some extra wrappers instead.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Convert all system calls to return a long. This should be a NOP since all
converted types should have the same size anyway.
With the exception of sys_exit_group which returned void. But that doesn't
matter since the system call doesn't return.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Impact: cleanup
Change the protection parameter for track_pfn_vma_new() into a pgprot_t pointer.
Subsequent patch changes the x86 PAT handling to return a compatible
memtype in pgprot_t, if what was requested cannot be allowed due to conflicts.
No fuctionality change in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix (harmless) double-free of memtype entries and avoid warning
On track_pfn_vma_new() failure, reset the vm_flags so that there will be
no second cleanup happening when upper level routines call unmap_vmas().
This patch fixes part of the bug reported here:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=123108883716357&w=2
Specifically the error message:
X:5010 freeing invalid memtype d0000000-d0101000
Is due to multiple frees on error path, will not happen with the patch below.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some code (nfs/sunrpc) uses socket ops on kernel memory while holding
the mmap_sem, this is safe because kernel memory doesn't get paged out,
therefore we'll never actually fault, and the might_fault() annotations
will generate false positives.
Reported-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-2.6-nommu:
NOMMU: Support XIP on initramfs
NOMMU: Teach kobjsize() about VMA regions.
FLAT: Don't attempt to expand the userspace stack to fill the space allocated
FDPIC: Don't attempt to expand the userspace stack to fill the space allocated
NOMMU: Improve procfs output using per-MM VMAs
NOMMU: Make mmap allocation page trimming behaviour configurable.
NOMMU: Make VMAs per MM as for MMU-mode linux
NOMMU: Delete askedalloc and realalloc variables
NOMMU: Rename ARM's struct vm_region
NOMMU: Fix cleanup handling in ramfs_nommu_get_umapped_area()
Update the memory controller to use its hierarchy_mutex rather than
calling cgroup_lock() to protected against cgroup_mkdir()/cgroup_rmdir()
from occurring in its hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, you can see following even when swap accounting is enabled.
1. Create Group 01, and 02.
2. allocate a "file" on tmpfs by a task under 01.
3. swap out the "file" (by memory pressure)
4. Read "file" from a task in group 02.
5. the charge of "file" is moved to group 02.
This is not ideal behavior. This is because SwapCache which was loaded
by read-ahead is not taken into account..
This is a patch to fix shmem's swapcache behavior.
- remove mem_cgroup_cache_charge_swapin().
- Add SwapCache handler routine to mem_cgroup_cache_charge().
By this, shmem's file cache is charged at add_to_page_cache()
with GFP_NOWAIT.
- pass the page of swapcache to shrink_mem_cgroup.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, a page can be deleted from SwapCache while do_swap_page().
memcg-fix-swap-accounting-leak-v3.patch handles that, but, LRU handling is
still broken. (above behavior broke assumption of memcg-synchronized-lru
patch.)
This patch is a fix for LRU handling (especially for per-zone counters).
At charging SwapCache,
- Remove page_cgroup from LRU if it's not used.
- Add page cgroup to LRU if it's not linked to.
Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
From:KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
css_tryget() newly is added and we can know css is alive or not and get
refcnt of css in very safe way. ("alive" here means "rmdir/destroy" is
not called.)
This patch replaces css_get() to css_tryget(), where I cannot explain
why css_get() is safe. And removes memcg->obsolete flag.
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix swapin charge operation of memcg.
Now, memcg has hooks to swap-out operation and checks SwapCache is really
unused or not. That check depends on contents of struct page. I.e. If
PageAnon(page) && page_mapped(page), the page is recoginized as
still-in-use.
Now, reuse_swap_page() calles delete_from_swap_cache() before establishment
of any rmap. Then, in followinig sequence
(Page fault with WRITE)
try_charge() (charge += PAGESIZE)
commit_charge() (Check page_cgroup is used or not..)
reuse_swap_page()
-> delete_from_swapcache()
-> mem_cgroup_uncharge_swapcache() (charge -= PAGESIZE)
......
New charge is uncharged soon....
To avoid this, move commit_charge() after page_mapcount() goes up to 1.
By this,
try_charge() (usage += PAGESIZE)
reuse_swap_page() (may usage -= PAGESIZE if PCG_USED is set)
commit_charge() (If page_cgroup is not marked as PCG_USED,
add new charge.)
Accounting will be correct.
Changelog (v2) -> (v3)
- fixed invalid charge to swp_entry==0.
- updated documentation.
Changelog (v1) -> (v2)
- fixed comment.
[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: swap accounting leak doc fix]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_hierarchicl_reclaim() works properly even when !use_hierarchy
now (by memcg-hierarchy-avoid-unnecessary-reclaim.patch), so, instead of
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(), it should be used in many cases.
The only exception is force_empty. The group has no children in this
case.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mpol_rebind_mm(), which can be called from cpuset_attach(), does
down_write(mm->mmap_sem). This means down_write(mm->mmap_sem) can be
called under cgroup_mutex.
OTOH, page fault path does down_read(mm->mmap_sem) and calls
mem_cgroup_try_charge_xxx(), which may eventually calls
mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(). And mem_cgroup_out_of_memory() calls
cgroup_lock(). This means cgroup_lock() can be called under
down_read(mm->mmap_sem).
If those two paths race, deadlock can happen.
This patch avoid this deadlock by:
- remove cgroup_lock() from mem_cgroup_out_of_memory().
- define new mutex (memcg_tasklist) and serialize mem_cgroup_move_task()
(->attach handler of memory cgroup) and mem_cgroup_out_of_memory.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After previous patch, mem_cgroup_try_charge is not used by anyone, so we
can remove it.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I think triggering OOM at mem_cgroup_prepare_migration would be just a bit
overkill. Returning -ENOMEM would be enough for
mem_cgroup_prepare_migration. The caller would handle the case anyway.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Show "real" limit of memcg. This helps my debugging and maybe useful for
users.
While testing hierarchy like this
mount -t cgroup none /cgroup -t memory
mkdir /cgroup/A
set use_hierarchy==1 to "A"
mkdir /cgroup/A/01
mkdir /cgroup/A/01/02
mkdir /cgroup/A/01/03
mkdir /cgroup/A/01/03/04
mkdir /cgroup/A/08
mkdir /cgroup/A/08/01
....
and set each own limit to them, "real" limit of each memcg is unclear.
This patch shows real limit by checking all ancestors.
Changelog: (v1) -> (v2)
- remove "if" and use "min(a,b)"
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, inactive_ratio of memcg is calculated at setting limit.
because page_alloc.c does so and current implementation is straightforward
porting.
However, memcg introduced hierarchy feature recently. In hierarchy
restriction, memory limit is not only decided memory.limit_in_bytes of
current cgroup, but also parent limit and sibling memory usage.
Then, The optimal inactive_ratio is changed frequently. So, everytime
calculation is better.
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, /proc/sys/vm/swappiness can change swappiness ratio for global
reclaim. However, memcg reclaim doesn't have tuning parameter for itself.
In general, the optimal swappiness depend on workload. (e.g. hpc
workload need to low swappiness than the others.)
Then, per cgroup swappiness improve administrator tunability.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, mem_cgroup doesn't have own lock and almost its member doesn't
need. (e.g. mem_cgroup->info is protected by zone lock, mem_cgroup->stat
is per cpu variable)
However, there is one explict exception. mem_cgroup->prev_priorit need
lock, but doesn't protect. Luckly, this is NOT bug because prev_priority
isn't used for current reclaim code.
However, we plan to use prev_priority future again. Therefore, fixing is
better.
In addition, we plan to reuse this lock for another member. Then
"reclaim_param_lock" name is better than "prev_priority_lock".
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, get_scan_ratio() return correct value although memcg reclaim. Then,
mem_cgroup_calc_reclaim() can be removed.
So, memcg reclaim get the same capability of anon/file reclaim balancing
as global reclaim now.
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The inactive_anon_is_low() is key component of active/inactive anon
balancing on reclaim. However current inactive_anon_is_low() function
only consider global reclaim.
Therefore, we need following ugly scan_global_lru() condition.
if (lru == LRU_ACTIVE_ANON &&
(!scan_global_lru(sc) || inactive_anon_is_low(zone))) {
shrink_active_list(nr_to_scan, zone, sc, priority, file);
return 0;
it cause that memcg reclaim always deactivate pages when shrink_list() is
called. To make mem_cgroup_inactive_anon_is_low() improve active/inactive
anon balancing of memcgroup.
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Cc: "Pekka Enberg" <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, get_scan_ratio() always calculate the balancing value for
global reclaim and memcg reclaim doesn't use it. Therefore it doesn't
have scan_global_lru() condition.
However, we plan to expand get_scan_ratio() to be usable for memcg too,
latter. Then, The dependency code of global reclaim in the
get_scan_ratio() insert into scan_global_lru() condision explictly.
This patch doesn't have any functional change.
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add zone_nr_pages() helper function.
It is used by a later patch. This patch doesn't have any functional
change.
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The inactive_anon_is_low() is called only vmscan. Then it can move to
vmscan.c
This patch doesn't have any functional change.
Reviewd-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
css's refcnt is dropped before end of following access.
Hold it until end of access.
Reported-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are scatterd calls of res_counter_check_under_limit(), and most of
them don't take mem+swap accounting into account.
define mem_cgroup_check_under_limit() and avoid direct use of
res_counter_check_limit().
Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
My patch, memcg-fix-gfp_mask-of-callers-of-charge.patch changed gfp_mask
of callers of charge to be GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE for showing what will
happen at memory reclaim.
But in recent discussion, it's NACKed because it sounds ugly.
This patch is for reverting it and add some clean up to gfp_mask of
callers of charge. No behavior change but need review before generating
HUNK in deep queue.
This patch also adds explanation to meaning of gfp_mask passed to charge
functions in memcontrol.h.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
check_under_limit logic was wrong and this check should be against
mem_over_limit rather than mem.
Reported-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current mmtom has new oom function as pagefault_out_of_memory(). It's
added for select bad process rathar than killing current.
When memcg hit limit and calls OOM at page_fault, this handler called and
system-wide-oom handling happens. (means kernel panics if panic_on_oom is
true....)
To avoid overkill, check memcg's recent behavior before starting
system-wide-oom.
And this patch also fixes to guarantee "don't accnout against process with
TIF_MEMDIE". This is necessary for smooth OOM.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Don't enable multiple hierarchy support by default. This patch introduces
a features element that can be set to enable the nested depth hierarchy
feature. This feature can only be enabled when the cgroup for which the
feature this is enabled, has no children.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces hierarchical reclaim. When an ancestor goes over
its limit, the charging routine points to the parent that is above its
limit. The reclaim process then starts from the last scanned child of the
ancestor and reclaims until the ancestor goes below its limit.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[d-nishimura@mtf.biglobe.ne.jp: mem_cgroup_from_res_counter should handle both mem->res and mem->memsw]
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add support for building hierarchies in resource counters. Cgroups allows
us to build a deep hierarchy, but we currently don't link the resource
counters belonging to the memory controller control groups, in the same
fashion as the corresponding cgroup entries in the cgroup hierarchy. This
patch provides the infrastructure for resource counters that have the same
hiearchy as their cgroup counter parts.
These set of patches are based on the resource counter hiearchy patches
posted by Pavel Emelianov.
NOTE: Building hiearchies is expensive, deeper hierarchies imply charging
the all the way up to the root. It is known that hiearchies are
expensive, so the user needs to be careful and aware of the trade-offs
before creating very deep ones.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We check mem_cgroup is disabled or not by checking
mem_cgroup_subsys.disabled. I think it has more references than expected,
now.
replacing
if (mem_cgroup_subsys.disabled)
with
if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
give us good look, I think.
[kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix typo]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A big patch for changing memcg's LRU semantics.
Now,
- page_cgroup is linked to mem_cgroup's its own LRU (per zone).
- LRU of page_cgroup is not synchronous with global LRU.
- page and page_cgroup is one-to-one and statically allocated.
- To find page_cgroup is on what LRU, you have to check pc->mem_cgroup as
- lru = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc, nid_of_pc, zid_of_pc);
- SwapCache is handled.
And, when we handle LRU list of page_cgroup, we do following.
pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
lock_page_cgroup(pc); .....................(1)
mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
spin_lock(&mz->lru_lock);
.....add to LRU
spin_unlock(&mz->lru_lock);
unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
But (1) is spin_lock and we have to be afraid of dead-lock with zone->lru_lock.
So, trylock() is used at (1), now. Without (1), we can't trust "mz" is correct.
This is a trial to remove this dirty nesting of locks.
This patch changes mz->lru_lock to be zone->lru_lock.
Then, above sequence will be written as
spin_lock(&zone->lru_lock); # in vmscan.c or swap.c via global LRU
mem_cgroup_add/remove/etc_lru() {
pc = lookup_page_cgroup(page);
mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc);
if (PageCgroupUsed(pc)) {
....add to LRU
}
spin_lock(&zone->lru_lock); # in vmscan.c or swap.c via global LRU
This is much simpler.
(*) We're safe even if we don't take lock_page_cgroup(pc). Because..
1. When pc->mem_cgroup can be modified.
- at charge.
- at account_move().
2. at charge
the PCG_USED bit is not set before pc->mem_cgroup is fixed.
3. at account_move()
the page is isolated and not on LRU.
Pros.
- easy for maintenance.
- memcg can make use of laziness of pagevec.
- we don't have to duplicated LRU/Active/Unevictable bit in page_cgroup.
- LRU status of memcg will be synchronized with global LRU's one.
- # of locks are reduced.
- account_move() is simplified very much.
Cons.
- may increase cost of LRU rotation.
(no impact if memcg is not configured.)
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch implements per cgroup limit for usage of memory+swap. However
there are SwapCache, double counting of swap-cache and swap-entry is
avoided.
Mem+Swap controller works as following.
- memory usage is limited by memory.limit_in_bytes.
- memory + swap usage is limited by memory.memsw_limit_in_bytes.
This has following benefits.
- A user can limit total resource usage of mem+swap.
Without this, because memory resource controller doesn't take care of
usage of swap, a process can exhaust all the swap (by memory leak.)
We can avoid this case.
And Swap is shared resource but it cannot be reclaimed (goes back to memory)
until it's used. This characteristic can be trouble when the memory
is divided into some parts by cpuset or memcg.
Assume group A and group B.
After some application executes, the system can be..
Group A -- very large free memory space but occupy 99% of swap.
Group B -- under memory shortage but cannot use swap...it's nearly full.
Ability to set appropriate swap limit for each group is required.
Maybe someone wonder "why not swap but mem+swap ?"
- The global LRU(kswapd) can swap out arbitrary pages. Swap-out means
to move account from memory to swap...there is no change in usage of
mem+swap.
In other words, when we want to limit the usage of swap without affecting
global LRU, mem+swap limit is better than just limiting swap.
Accounting target information is stored in swap_cgroup which is
per swap entry record.
Charge is done as following.
map
- charge page and memsw.
unmap
- uncharge page/memsw if not SwapCache.
swap-out (__delete_from_swap_cache)
- uncharge page
- record mem_cgroup information to swap_cgroup.
swap-in (do_swap_page)
- charged as page and memsw.
record in swap_cgroup is cleared.
memsw accounting is decremented.
swap-free (swap_free())
- if swap entry is freed, memsw is uncharged by PAGE_SIZE.
There are people work under never-swap environments and consider swap as
something bad. For such people, this mem+swap controller extension is just an
overhead. This overhead is avoided by config or boot option.
(see Kconfig. detail is not in this patch.)
TODO:
- maybe more optimization can be don in swap-in path. (but not very safe.)
But we just do simple accounting at this stage.
[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: make resize limit hold mutex]
[hugh@veritas.com: memswap controller core swapcache fixes]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For accounting swap, we need a record per swap entry, at least.
This patch adds following function.
- swap_cgroup_swapon() .... called from swapon
- swap_cgroup_swapoff() ... called at the end of swapoff.
- swap_cgroup_record() .... record information of swap entry.
- swap_cgroup_lookup() .... lookup information of swap entry.
This patch just implements "how to record information". No actual method
for limit the usage of swap. These routine uses flat table to record and
lookup. "wise" lookup system like radix-tree requires requires memory
allocation at new records but swap-out is usually called under memory
shortage (or memcg hits limit.) So, I used static allocation. (maybe
dynamic allocation is not very hard but it adds additional memory
allocation in memory shortage path.)
Note1: In this, we use pointer to record information and this means
8bytes per swap entry. I think we can reduce this when we
create "id of cgroup" in the range of 0-65535 or 0-255.
Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Reported-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Config and control variable for mem+swap controller.
This patch adds CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP
(memory resource controller swap extension.)
For accounting swap, it's obvious that we have to use additional memory to
remember "who uses swap". This adds more overhead. So, it's better to
offer "choice" to users. This patch adds 2 choices.
This patch adds 2 parameters to enable swap extension or not.
- CONFIG
- boot option
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SwapCache support for memory resource controller (memcg)
Before mem+swap controller, memcg itself should handle SwapCache in proper
way. This is cut-out from it.
In current memcg, SwapCache is just leaked and the user can create tons of
SwapCache. This is a leak of account and should be handled.
SwapCache accounting is done as following.
charge (anon)
- charged when it's mapped.
(because of readahead, charge at add_to_swap_cache() is not sane)
uncharge (anon)
- uncharged when it's dropped from swapcache and fully unmapped.
means it's not uncharged at unmap.
Note: delete from swap cache at swap-in is done after rmap information
is established.
charge (shmem)
- charged at swap-in. this prevents charge at add_to_page_cache().
uncharge (shmem)
- uncharged when it's dropped from swapcache and not on shmem's
radix-tree.
at migration, check against 'old page' is modified to handle shmem.
Comparing to the old version discussed (and caused troubles), we have
advantages of
- PCG_USED bit.
- simple migrating handling.
So, situation is much easier than several months ago, maybe.
[hugh@veritas.com: memcg: handle swap caches build fix]
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By memcg-move-all-accounts-to-parent-at-rmdir.patch, there is no leak of
memory usage and force_empty is removed.
This patch adds "force_empty" again, in reasonable manner.
memory.force_empty file works when
#echo 0 (or some) > memory.force_empty
and have following function.
1. only works when there are no task in this cgroup.
2. free all page under this cgroup as much as possible.
3. page which cannot be freed will be moved up to parent.
4. Then, memcg will be empty after above echo returns.
This is much better behavior than old "force_empty" which just forget
all accounts. This patch also check signal_pending() and above "echo"
can be stopped by "Ctrl-C".
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de> pointed out, allocating per-cpu stat for
memcg to the size of NR_CPUS is not good.
This patch changes mem_cgroup's cpustat allocation not based on NR_CPUS
but based on nr_cpu_ids.
Reviewed-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch provides a function to move account information of a page
between mem_cgroups and rewrite force_empty to make use of this.
This moving of page_cgroup is done under
- lru_lock of source/destination mem_cgroup is held.
- lock_page_cgroup() is held.
Then, a routine which touches pc->mem_cgroup without lock_page_cgroup()
should confirm pc->mem_cgroup is still valid or not. Typical code can be
following.
(while page is not under lock_page())
mem = pc->mem_cgroup;
mz = page_cgroup_zoneinfo(pc)
spin_lock_irqsave(&mz->lru_lock);
if (pc->mem_cgroup == mem)
...../* some list handling */
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mz->lru_lock);
Of course, better way is
lock_page_cgroup(pc);
....
unlock_page_cgroup(pc);
But you should confirm the nest of lock and avoid deadlock.
If you treats page_cgroup from mem_cgroup's LRU under mz->lru_lock,
you don't have to worry about what pc->mem_cgroup points to.
moved pages are added to head of lru, not to tail.
Expected users of this routine is:
- force_empty (rmdir)
- moving tasks between cgroup (for moving account information.)
- hierarchy (maybe useful.)
force_empty(rmdir) uses this move_account and move pages to its parent.
This "move" will not cause OOM (I added "oom" parameter to try_charge().)
If the parent is busy (not enough memory), force_empty calls try_to_free_page()
and reduce usage.
Purpose of this behavior is
- Fix "forget all" behavior of force_empty and avoid leak of accounting.
- By "moving first, free if necessary", keep pages on memory as much as
possible.
Adding a switch to change behavior of force_empty to
- free first, move if necessary
- free all, if there is mlocked/busy pages, return -EBUSY.
is under consideration. (I'll add if someone requtests.)
This patch also removes memory.force_empty file, a brutal debug-only interface.
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In init_section_page_cgroup() the section a given pfn belongs to is
calculated at the top of the function and, despite the fact that the
pfn/section correspondence does not change, it is recalculated further
down the same function. By computing this just once and reusing that
value we save some bytes in the object file and do not waste CPU cycles.
Signed-off-by: Fernando Luis Vazquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, management of "charge" under page migration is done under following
manner. (Assume migrate page contents from oldpage to newpage)
before
- "newpage" is charged before migration.
at success.
- "oldpage" is uncharged at somewhere(unmap, radix-tree-replace)
at failure
- "newpage" is uncharged.
- "oldpage" is charged if necessary (*1)
But (*1) is not reliable....because of GFP_ATOMIC.
This patch tries to change behavior as following by charge/commit/cancel ops.
before
- charge PAGE_SIZE (no target page)
success
- commit charge against "newpage".
failure
- commit charge against "oldpage".
(PCG_USED bit works effectively to avoid double-counting)
- if "oldpage" is obsolete, cancel charge of PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix misuse of gfp_kernel.
Now, most of callers of mem_cgroup_charge_xxx functions uses GFP_KERNEL.
I think that this is from the fact that page_cgroup *was* dynamically
allocated.
But now, we allocate all page_cgroup at boot. And
mem_cgroup_try_to_free_pages() reclaim memory from GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE +
specified GFP_RECLAIM_MASK.
* This is because we just want to reduce memory usage.
"Where we should reclaim from ?" is not a problem in memcg.
This patch modifies gfp masks to be GFP_HIGUSER_MOVABLE if possible.
Note: This patch is not for fixing behavior but for showing sane information
in source code.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a small race in do_swap_page(). When the page swapped-in is
charged, the mapcount can be greater than 0. But, at the same time some
process (shares it ) call unmap and make mapcount 1->0 and the page is
uncharged.
CPUA CPUB
mapcount == 1.
(1) charge if mapcount==0 zap_pte_range()
(2) mapcount 1 => 0.
(3) uncharge(). (success)
(4) set page's rmap()
mapcount 0=>1
Then, this swap page's account is leaked.
For fixing this, I added a new interface.
- charge
account to res_counter by PAGE_SIZE and try to free pages if necessary.
- commit
register page_cgroup and add to LRU if necessary.
- cancel
uncharge PAGE_SIZE because of do_swap_page failure.
CPUA
(1) charge (always)
(2) set page's rmap (mapcount > 0)
(3) commit charge was necessary or not after set_pte().
This protocol uses PCG_USED bit on page_cgroup for avoiding over accounting.
Usual mem_cgroup_charge_common() does charge -> commit at a time.
And this patch also adds following function to clarify all charges.
- mem_cgroup_newpage_charge() ....replacement for mem_cgroup_charge()
called against newly allocated anon pages.
- mem_cgroup_charge_migrate_fixup()
called only from remove_migration_ptes().
we'll have to rewrite this later.(this patch just keeps old behavior)
This function will be removed by additional patch to make migration
clearer.
Good for clarifying "what we do"
Then, we have 4 following charge points.
- newpage
- swap-in
- add-to-cache.
- migration.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add missing inline directives to stubs]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that we no longer use compound pages for all large allocations,
kobjsize() actively breaks things like binfmt_flat by always handing
back PAGE_SIZE for mmap'ed regions. Fix this up by looking up the
VMA region for non-compounds.
Ideally binfmt_flat wants to get rid of kobjsize() completely, but
this is an incremental step.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
NOMMU mmap allocates a piece of memory for an mmap that's rounded up in size to
the nearest power-of-2 number of pages. Currently it then discards the excess
pages back to the page allocator, making that memory available for use by other
things. This can, however, cause greater amount of fragmentation.
To counter this, a sysctl is added in order to fine-tune the trimming
behaviour. The default behaviour remains to trim pages aggressively, while
this can either be disabled completely or set to a higher page-granular
watermark in order to have finer-grained control.
vm region vm_top bits taken from an earlier patch by David Howells.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Make VMAs per mm_struct as for MMU-mode linux. This solves two problems:
(1) In SYSV SHM where nattch for a segment does not reflect the number of
shmat's (and forks) done.
(2) In mmap() where the VMA's vm_mm is set to point to the parent mm by an
exec'ing process when VM_EXECUTABLE is specified, regardless of the fact
that a VMA might be shared and already have its vm_mm assigned to another
process or a dead process.
A new struct (vm_region) is introduced to track a mapped region and to remember
the circumstances under which it may be shared and the vm_list_struct structure
is discarded as it's no longer required.
This patch makes the following additional changes:
(1) Regions are now allocated with alloc_pages() rather than kmalloc() and
with no recourse to __GFP_COMP, so the pages are not composite. Instead,
each page has a reference on it held by the region. Anything else that is
interested in such a page will have to get a reference on it to retain it.
When the pages are released due to unmapping, each page is passed to
put_page() and will be freed when the page usage count reaches zero.
(2) Excess pages are trimmed after an allocation as the allocation must be
made as a power-of-2 quantity of pages.
(3) VMAs are added to the parent MM's R/B tree and mmap lists. As an MM may
end up with overlapping VMAs within the tree, the VMA struct address is
appended to the sort key.
(4) Non-anonymous VMAs are now added to the backing inode's prio list.
(5) Holes may be punched in anonymous VMAs with munmap(), releasing parts of
the backing region. The VMA and region structs will be split if
necessary.
(6) sys_shmdt() only releases one attachment to a SYSV IPC shared memory
segment instead of all the attachments at that addresss. Multiple
shmat()'s return the same address under NOMMU-mode instead of different
virtual addresses as under MMU-mode.
(7) Core dumping for ELF-FDPIC requires fewer exceptions for NOMMU-mode.
(8) /proc/maps is now the global list of mapped regions, and may list bits
that aren't actually mapped anywhere.
(9) /proc/meminfo gains a line (tagged "MmapCopy") that indicates the amount
of RAM currently allocated by mmap to hold mappable regions that can't be
mapped directly. These are copies of the backing device or file if not
anonymous.
These changes make NOMMU mode more similar to MMU mode. The downside is that
NOMMU mode requires some extra memory to track things over NOMMU without this
patch (VMAs are no longer shared, and there are now region structs).
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Delete the askedalloc and realalloc variables as nothing actually uses the
value calculated.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki