415 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
415 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
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=====================
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VFIO Mediated devices
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=====================
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:Copyright: |copy| 2016, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
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:Author: Neo Jia <cjia@nvidia.com>
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:Author: Kirti Wankhede <kwankhede@nvidia.com>
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
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published by the Free Software Foundation.
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Virtual Function I/O (VFIO) Mediated devices[1]
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===============================================
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The number of use cases for virtualizing DMA devices that do not have built-in
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SR_IOV capability is increasing. Previously, to virtualize such devices,
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developers had to create their own management interfaces and APIs, and then
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integrate them with user space software. To simplify integration with user space
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software, we have identified common requirements and a unified management
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interface for such devices.
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The VFIO driver framework provides unified APIs for direct device access. It is
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an IOMMU/device-agnostic framework for exposing direct device access to user
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space in a secure, IOMMU-protected environment. This framework is used for
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multiple devices, such as GPUs, network adapters, and compute accelerators. With
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direct device access, virtual machines or user space applications have direct
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access to the physical device. This framework is reused for mediated devices.
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The mediated core driver provides a common interface for mediated device
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management that can be used by drivers of different devices. This module
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provides a generic interface to perform these operations:
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* Create and destroy a mediated device
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* Add a mediated device to and remove it from a mediated bus driver
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* Add a mediated device to and remove it from an IOMMU group
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The mediated core driver also provides an interface to register a bus driver.
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For example, the mediated VFIO mdev driver is designed for mediated devices and
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supports VFIO APIs. The mediated bus driver adds a mediated device to and
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removes it from a VFIO group.
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The following high-level block diagram shows the main components and interfaces
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in the VFIO mediated driver framework. The diagram shows NVIDIA, Intel, and IBM
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devices as examples, as these devices are the first devices to use this module::
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+---------------+
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| |
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| +-----------+ | mdev_register_driver() +--------------+
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| | | +<------------------------+ |
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| | mdev | | | |
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| | bus | +------------------------>+ vfio_mdev.ko |<-> VFIO user
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| | driver | | probe()/remove() | | APIs
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| | | | +--------------+
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| +-----------+ |
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| MDEV CORE |
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| MODULE |
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| mdev.ko |
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| +-----------+ | mdev_register_device() +--------------+
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| | | +<------------------------+ |
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| | | | | nvidia.ko |<-> physical
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| | | +------------------------>+ | device
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| | | | callbacks +--------------+
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| | Physical | |
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| | device | | mdev_register_device() +--------------+
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| | interface | |<------------------------+ |
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| | | | | i915.ko |<-> physical
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| | | +------------------------>+ | device
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| | | | callbacks +--------------+
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| | | |
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| | | | mdev_register_device() +--------------+
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| | | +<------------------------+ |
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| | | | | ccw_device.ko|<-> physical
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| | | +------------------------>+ | device
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| | | | callbacks +--------------+
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| +-----------+ |
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+---------------+
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Registration Interfaces
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=======================
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The mediated core driver provides the following types of registration
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interfaces:
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* Registration interface for a mediated bus driver
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* Physical device driver interface
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Registration Interface for a Mediated Bus Driver
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------------------------------------------------
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The registration interface for a mediated bus driver provides the following
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structure to represent a mediated device's driver::
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/*
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* struct mdev_driver [2] - Mediated device's driver
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* @name: driver name
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* @probe: called when new device created
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* @remove: called when device removed
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* @driver: device driver structure
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*/
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struct mdev_driver {
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const char *name;
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int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
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void (*remove) (struct device *dev);
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struct device_driver driver;
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};
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A mediated bus driver for mdev should use this structure in the function calls
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to register and unregister itself with the core driver:
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* Register::
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extern int mdev_register_driver(struct mdev_driver *drv,
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struct module *owner);
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* Unregister::
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extern void mdev_unregister_driver(struct mdev_driver *drv);
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The mediated bus driver is responsible for adding mediated devices to the VFIO
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group when devices are bound to the driver and removing mediated devices from
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the VFIO when devices are unbound from the driver.
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Physical Device Driver Interface
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--------------------------------
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The physical device driver interface provides the mdev_parent_ops[3] structure
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to define the APIs to manage work in the mediated core driver that is related
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to the physical device.
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The structures in the mdev_parent_ops structure are as follows:
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* dev_attr_groups: attributes of the parent device
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* mdev_attr_groups: attributes of the mediated device
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* supported_config: attributes to define supported configurations
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The functions in the mdev_parent_ops structure are as follows:
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* create: allocate basic resources in a driver for a mediated device
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* remove: free resources in a driver when a mediated device is destroyed
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(Note that mdev-core provides no implicit serialization of create/remove
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callbacks per mdev parent device, per mdev type, or any other categorization.
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Vendor drivers are expected to be fully asynchronous in this respect or
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provide their own internal resource protection.)
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The callbacks in the mdev_parent_ops structure are as follows:
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* open: open callback of mediated device
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* close: close callback of mediated device
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* ioctl: ioctl callback of mediated device
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* read : read emulation callback
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* write: write emulation callback
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* mmap: mmap emulation callback
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A driver should use the mdev_parent_ops structure in the function call to
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register itself with the mdev core driver::
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extern int mdev_register_device(struct device *dev,
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const struct mdev_parent_ops *ops);
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However, the mdev_parent_ops structure is not required in the function call
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that a driver should use to unregister itself with the mdev core driver::
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extern void mdev_unregister_device(struct device *dev);
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Mediated Device Management Interface Through sysfs
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==================================================
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The management interface through sysfs enables user space software, such as
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libvirt, to query and configure mediated devices in a hardware-agnostic fashion.
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This management interface provides flexibility to the underlying physical
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device's driver to support features such as:
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* Mediated device hot plug
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* Multiple mediated devices in a single virtual machine
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* Multiple mediated devices from different physical devices
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Links in the mdev_bus Class Directory
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-------------------------------------
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The /sys/class/mdev_bus/ directory contains links to devices that are registered
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with the mdev core driver.
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Directories and files under the sysfs for Each Physical Device
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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::
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|- [parent physical device]
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|--- Vendor-specific-attributes [optional]
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|--- [mdev_supported_types]
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| |--- [<type-id>]
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| | |--- create
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| | |--- name
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| | |--- available_instances
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| | |--- device_api
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| | |--- description
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| | |--- [devices]
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| |--- [<type-id>]
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| | |--- create
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| | |--- name
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| | |--- available_instances
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| | |--- device_api
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| | |--- description
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| | |--- [devices]
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| |--- [<type-id>]
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| |--- create
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| |--- name
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| |--- available_instances
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| |--- device_api
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| |--- description
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| |--- [devices]
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* [mdev_supported_types]
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The list of currently supported mediated device types and their details.
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[<type-id>], device_api, and available_instances are mandatory attributes
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that should be provided by vendor driver.
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* [<type-id>]
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The [<type-id>] name is created by adding the device driver string as a prefix
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to the string provided by the vendor driver. This format of this name is as
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follows::
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sprintf(buf, "%s-%s", dev_driver_string(parent->dev), group->name);
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(or using mdev_parent_dev(mdev) to arrive at the parent device outside
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of the core mdev code)
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* device_api
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This attribute should show which device API is being created, for example,
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"vfio-pci" for a PCI device.
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* available_instances
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This attribute should show the number of devices of type <type-id> that can be
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created.
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* [device]
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This directory contains links to the devices of type <type-id> that have been
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created.
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* name
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This attribute should show human readable name. This is optional attribute.
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* description
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This attribute should show brief features/description of the type. This is
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optional attribute.
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Directories and Files Under the sysfs for Each mdev Device
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----------------------------------------------------------
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::
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|- [parent phy device]
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|--- [$MDEV_UUID]
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|--- remove
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|--- mdev_type {link to its type}
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|--- vendor-specific-attributes [optional]
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* remove (write only)
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Writing '1' to the 'remove' file destroys the mdev device. The vendor driver can
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fail the remove() callback if that device is active and the vendor driver
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doesn't support hot unplug.
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Example::
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# echo 1 > /sys/bus/mdev/devices/$mdev_UUID/remove
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Mediated device Hot plug
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------------------------
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Mediated devices can be created and assigned at runtime. The procedure to hot
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plug a mediated device is the same as the procedure to hot plug a PCI device.
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Translation APIs for Mediated Devices
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=====================================
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The following APIs are provided for translating user pfn to host pfn in a VFIO
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driver::
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extern int vfio_pin_pages(struct device *dev, unsigned long *user_pfn,
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int npage, int prot, unsigned long *phys_pfn);
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extern int vfio_unpin_pages(struct device *dev, unsigned long *user_pfn,
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int npage);
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These functions call back into the back-end IOMMU module by using the pin_pages
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and unpin_pages callbacks of the struct vfio_iommu_driver_ops[4]. Currently
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these callbacks are supported in the TYPE1 IOMMU module. To enable them for
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other IOMMU backend modules, such as PPC64 sPAPR module, they need to provide
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these two callback functions.
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Using the Sample Code
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=====================
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mtty.c in samples/vfio-mdev/ directory is a sample driver program to
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demonstrate how to use the mediated device framework.
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The sample driver creates an mdev device that simulates a serial port over a PCI
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card.
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1. Build and load the mtty.ko module.
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This step creates a dummy device, /sys/devices/virtual/mtty/mtty/
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Files in this device directory in sysfs are similar to the following::
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# tree /sys/devices/virtual/mtty/mtty/
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/sys/devices/virtual/mtty/mtty/
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|-- mdev_supported_types
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| |-- mtty-1
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| | |-- available_instances
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| | |-- create
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| | |-- device_api
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| | |-- devices
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| | `-- name
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| `-- mtty-2
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| |-- available_instances
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| |-- create
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| |-- device_api
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| |-- devices
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| `-- name
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|-- mtty_dev
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| `-- sample_mtty_dev
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|-- power
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| |-- autosuspend_delay_ms
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| |-- control
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| |-- runtime_active_time
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| |-- runtime_status
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| `-- runtime_suspended_time
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|-- subsystem -> ../../../../class/mtty
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`-- uevent
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2. Create a mediated device by using the dummy device that you created in the
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previous step::
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# echo "83b8f4f2-509f-382f-3c1e-e6bfe0fa1001" > \
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/sys/devices/virtual/mtty/mtty/mdev_supported_types/mtty-2/create
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3. Add parameters to qemu-kvm::
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-device vfio-pci,\
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sysfsdev=/sys/bus/mdev/devices/83b8f4f2-509f-382f-3c1e-e6bfe0fa1001
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4. Boot the VM.
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In the Linux guest VM, with no hardware on the host, the device appears
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as follows::
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# lspci -s 00:05.0 -xxvv
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00:05.0 Serial controller: Device 4348:3253 (rev 10) (prog-if 02 [16550])
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Subsystem: Device 4348:3253
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Physical Slot: 5
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Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr-
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Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
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Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort-
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<TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
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Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 10
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Region 0: I/O ports at c150 [size=8]
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Region 1: I/O ports at c158 [size=8]
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Kernel driver in use: serial
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00: 48 43 53 32 01 00 00 02 10 02 00 07 00 00 00 00
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10: 51 c1 00 00 59 c1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 43 53 32
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30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 01 00 00
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In the Linux guest VM, dmesg output for the device is as follows:
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serial 0000:00:05.0: PCI INT A -> Link[LNKA] -> GSI 10 (level, high) -> IRQ 10
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0000:00:05.0: ttyS1 at I/O 0xc150 (irq = 10) is a 16550A
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0000:00:05.0: ttyS2 at I/O 0xc158 (irq = 10) is a 16550A
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5. In the Linux guest VM, check the serial ports::
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# setserial -g /dev/ttyS*
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/dev/ttyS0, UART: 16550A, Port: 0x03f8, IRQ: 4
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/dev/ttyS1, UART: 16550A, Port: 0xc150, IRQ: 10
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/dev/ttyS2, UART: 16550A, Port: 0xc158, IRQ: 10
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6. Using minicom or any terminal emulation program, open port /dev/ttyS1 or
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/dev/ttyS2 with hardware flow control disabled.
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7. Type data on the minicom terminal or send data to the terminal emulation
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program and read the data.
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Data is loop backed from hosts mtty driver.
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8. Destroy the mediated device that you created::
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# echo 1 > /sys/bus/mdev/devices/83b8f4f2-509f-382f-3c1e-e6bfe0fa1001/remove
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References
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==========
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1. See Documentation/vfio.txt for more information on VFIO.
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2. struct mdev_driver in include/linux/mdev.h
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3. struct mdev_parent_ops in include/linux/mdev.h
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4. struct vfio_iommu_driver_ops in include/linux/vfio.h
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