621 lines
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
621 lines
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _kernel_docs:
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Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
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=============================================================================================
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Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
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The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
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linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
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to information, appeared again and again.
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Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
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get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
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enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
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philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
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Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
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start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
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kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
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available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
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books are also mentioned.
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PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
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send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
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corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
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The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
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cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
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"Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
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when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
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Document.
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Enjoy!
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.. note::
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The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its
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published date, from the newest to the oldest.
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Docs at the Linux Kernel tree
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-----------------------------
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The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``.
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* Name: **linux/Documentation**
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:Author: Many.
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:Location: Documentation/
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:Keywords: text files, Sphinx.
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:Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
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inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
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(including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
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be more up to date than the web version.
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On-line docs
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------------
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
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:Author: various
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:URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary
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:Date: rolling version
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:Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
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:Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
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a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
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during discussion of the Linux kernel".
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* Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
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:Author: Richard Sailer
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:URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
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:Date: 2016
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:Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
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:Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
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understanding linux kernel internals,
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illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
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:Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
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as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
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Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
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source code more determined and with context.
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In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
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and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
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Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
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exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
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* Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
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:Author: Andi Kleen
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:URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
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:Date: 2008
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:Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
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:Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
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there are and how likley they get merged.
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:Abstract:
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[...]. This paper examines some common problems for
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submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
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* Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
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:Author: Richard Gooch.
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:URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
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:Date: 2007
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:Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
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dentries, dcache.
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:Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
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What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
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mounting a file system and description of important data
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structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
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* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
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:Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
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:URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
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:Date: 2005
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:Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
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programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
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:note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`.
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* Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
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:Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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:URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
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:Date: 2005
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:Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
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:Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
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both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
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sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
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* Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
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:Author: David Hinds.
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:URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
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:Date: 2003
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:Keywords: PCMCIA.
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:Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
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drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
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describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
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Card Services.
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
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:Author: Ori Pomerantz.
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:URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
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:Date: 2001
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:Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
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interrupt handlers .
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:Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
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programming. Lots of examples.
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* Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
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:Author: Rick Lindsley.
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:URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
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:Date: 2001
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:Keywords: spinlock.
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:Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
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usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
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list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
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access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
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is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
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* Title: **A Linux vm README**
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:Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
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:URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
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:Date: 2001
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:Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
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cache, swap cache, kswapd.
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:Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
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relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
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* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
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:Date: 2000
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
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camera driver.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
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:Date: 2000
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
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camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
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:Author: Glenn Herrin.
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:URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
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:Date: 2000
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:Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
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socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
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modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
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:Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
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explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
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configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
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the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
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packets follow from the time they are received at the network
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device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
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code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
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dropper example.
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* Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
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:Author: Paul Mackerras.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
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:Description: The title still says it all.
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* Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
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:Author: Alan Cox.
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
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:Description: The title says it all.
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* Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
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:Author: Richard Gooch.
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:URL: http://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
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event queues.
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:Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
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how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
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open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
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application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
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(have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
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want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
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inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
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* Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
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:Author: pragmatic/THC.
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:URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
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:Date: 1999
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:Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
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:Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
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order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
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files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
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write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
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avoid all those abuses.
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:Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
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kernels.
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* Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
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:Author: Peter J. Braam.
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:URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
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:Date: 1998
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:Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
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:Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
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Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
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dcache.
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* Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
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:Author: Peter J. Braam.
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:URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
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:Date: 1998
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:Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
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:Description: "This document describes the communication between
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Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
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of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
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the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
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envisage".
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* Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
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:Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
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:URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
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:Date: 1998
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:Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
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VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
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ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
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:Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
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Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
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design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
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e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
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:Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
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First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
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* Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
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:Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
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:Date: 1997
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:Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
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:Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
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RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
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Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
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secondary-storage capability using software*.
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
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:Author: Michael K. Johnson.
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:URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
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:Date: 1997
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:Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
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block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
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memory allocation, timers.
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:Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
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concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
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structures of Linux.
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* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
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allocating resources.
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
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:Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
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co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
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a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
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loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
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topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
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installment*.
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* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
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autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
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open(), close().
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
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:Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
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the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
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device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
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cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
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* Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
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:Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
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blocking mode, interrupt handler.
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
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:Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
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device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
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ioctl-calls*.
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* Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
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:Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
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writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
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month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
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Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
|
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constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
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writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
|
|
different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
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DMA*.
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* Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
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:Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
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demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
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virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
|
|
:Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
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|
series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
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five articles about character device drivers. In this final
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section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
|
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an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
|
|
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|
* Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
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|
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:Author: Alan Cox.
|
|
:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
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:Date: 1996
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:Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
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|
variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
|
|
configuration, multicast.
|
|
:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
|
|
:Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
|
|
simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
|
|
hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
|
|
:URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
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:Date: 1994
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|
:Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
|
|
:Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
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|
bitmaps, invariants...
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|
|
Published books
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
|
|
:Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
|
|
:Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
|
|
:Pages: 688
|
|
:ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
|
|
:Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
|
|
much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Rami Rosen
|
|
:Publisher: Apress
|
|
:Date: December 22, 2013
|
|
:Pages: 648
|
|
:ISBN: 978-1430261964
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Christopher Hallinan
|
|
:Publisher: Pearson
|
|
:Date: November, 2010
|
|
:Pages: 656
|
|
:ISBN: 978-0137017836
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Robert Love
|
|
:Publisher: Addison-Wesley
|
|
:Date: July, 2010
|
|
:Pages: 440
|
|
:ISBN: 978-0672329463
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
|
|
:Published: Prentice Hall
|
|
:Date: April, 2008
|
|
:Pages: 744
|
|
:ISBN: 978-0132396554
|
|
|
|
.. _ldd3_published:
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
|
|
|
|
:Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
|
|
:Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
|
|
:Date: 2005
|
|
:Pages: 636
|
|
:ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
|
|
:Notes: Further information in
|
|
http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
|
|
PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Michael Beck
|
|
:Publisher: Addison-Wesley
|
|
:Date: 1997
|
|
:ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
|
|
:Publisher: Eyrolles
|
|
:Date: 1997
|
|
:Pages: 520
|
|
:ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
|
|
:Notes: French
|
|
|
|
* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
|
|
John S. Quarterman
|
|
:Publisher: Addison-Wesley
|
|
:Date: 1996
|
|
:ISBN: 0-201-54979-4
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Uresh Vahalia
|
|
:Publisher: Prentice Hall
|
|
:Date: 1996
|
|
:Pages: 600
|
|
:ISBN: 0-13-101908-2
|
|
|
|
* Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
|
|
:Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
|
|
:Date: 1995
|
|
:Pages: 552
|
|
:ISBN: I-56592-074-0
|
|
:Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
|
|
POSIX. Good reference.
|
|
|
|
* Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Curt Schimmel
|
|
:Publisher: Addison Wesley
|
|
:Date: June, 1994
|
|
:Pages: 432
|
|
:ISBN: 0-201-63338-8
|
|
|
|
* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
|
|
Karels, John S. Quarterman
|
|
:Publisher: Addison-Wesley
|
|
:Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
|
|
:ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
|
|
|
|
* Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
|
|
|
|
:Author: Maurice J. Bach
|
|
:Publisher: Prentice Hall
|
|
:Date: 1986
|
|
:Pages: 471
|
|
:ISBN: 0-13-201757-1
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
* Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
|
|
|
|
:URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
|
|
:Keywords: Browsing source code.
|
|
:Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
|
|
Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
|
|
where they are defined and where they are used.
|
|
|
|
* Name: **Linux Weekly News**
|
|
|
|
:URL: http://lwn.net
|
|
:Keywords: latest kernel news.
|
|
:Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
|
|
summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
|
|
produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
|
|
|
|
* Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
|
|
|
|
:Author: The Linux-MM team.
|
|
:URL: http://linux-mm.org/
|
|
:Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
|
|
mailing list.
|
|
:Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
|
|
Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
|
|
it if you are interested in memory management development!
|
|
|
|
* Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
|
|
|
|
:URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
|
|
:Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
|
|
:Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
|
|
#kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
|
|
kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
|
|
learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
|
|
professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
|
|
people.
|
|
#kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
|
|
Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
|
|
The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
|
|
|
|
* Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
|
|
|
|
:URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
|
|
:URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
|
|
:URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
|
|
:Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
|
|
:Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
|
|
you have a better/another one, please let me know.
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20
|
|
|
|
This document is based on:
|
|
http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
|