113 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
113 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
RCU and lockdep checking
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All flavors of RCU have lockdep checking available, so that lockdep is
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aware of when each task enters and leaves any flavor of RCU read-side
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critical section. Each flavor of RCU is tracked separately (but note
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that this is not the case in 2.6.32 and earlier). This allows lockdep's
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tracking to include RCU state, which can sometimes help when debugging
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deadlocks and the like.
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In addition, RCU provides the following primitives that check lockdep's
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state:
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rcu_read_lock_held() for normal RCU.
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rcu_read_lock_bh_held() for RCU-bh.
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rcu_read_lock_sched_held() for RCU-sched.
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srcu_read_lock_held() for SRCU.
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These functions are conservative, and will therefore return 1 if they
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aren't certain (for example, if CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is not set).
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This prevents things like WARN_ON(!rcu_read_lock_held()) from giving false
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positives when lockdep is disabled.
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In addition, a separate kernel config parameter CONFIG_PROVE_RCU enables
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checking of rcu_dereference() primitives:
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rcu_dereference(p):
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Check for RCU read-side critical section.
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rcu_dereference_bh(p):
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Check for RCU-bh read-side critical section.
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rcu_dereference_sched(p):
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Check for RCU-sched read-side critical section.
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srcu_dereference(p, sp):
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Check for SRCU read-side critical section.
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rcu_dereference_check(p, c):
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Use explicit check expression "c" along with
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rcu_read_lock_held(). This is useful in code that is
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invoked by both RCU readers and updaters.
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rcu_dereference_bh_check(p, c):
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Use explicit check expression "c" along with
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rcu_read_lock_bh_held(). This is useful in code that
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is invoked by both RCU-bh readers and updaters.
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rcu_dereference_sched_check(p, c):
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Use explicit check expression "c" along with
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rcu_read_lock_sched_held(). This is useful in code that
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is invoked by both RCU-sched readers and updaters.
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srcu_dereference_check(p, c):
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Use explicit check expression "c" along with
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srcu_read_lock_held()(). This is useful in code that
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is invoked by both SRCU readers and updaters.
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rcu_dereference_raw(p):
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Don't check. (Use sparingly, if at all.)
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rcu_dereference_protected(p, c):
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Use explicit check expression "c", and omit all barriers
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and compiler constraints. This is useful when the data
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structure cannot change, for example, in code that is
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invoked only by updaters.
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rcu_access_pointer(p):
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Return the value of the pointer and omit all barriers,
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but retain the compiler constraints that prevent duplicating
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or coalescsing. This is useful when when testing the
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value of the pointer itself, for example, against NULL.
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The rcu_dereference_check() check expression can be any boolean
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expression, but would normally include a lockdep expression. However,
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any boolean expression can be used. For a moderately ornate example,
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consider the following:
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file = rcu_dereference_check(fdt->fd[fd],
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lockdep_is_held(&files->file_lock) ||
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atomic_read(&files->count) == 1);
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This expression picks up the pointer "fdt->fd[fd]" in an RCU-safe manner,
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and, if CONFIG_PROVE_RCU is configured, verifies that this expression
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is used in:
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1. An RCU read-side critical section (implicit), or
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2. with files->file_lock held, or
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3. on an unshared files_struct.
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In case (1), the pointer is picked up in an RCU-safe manner for vanilla
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RCU read-side critical sections, in case (2) the ->file_lock prevents
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any change from taking place, and finally, in case (3) the current task
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is the only task accessing the file_struct, again preventing any change
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from taking place. If the above statement was invoked only from updater
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code, it could instead be written as follows:
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file = rcu_dereference_protected(fdt->fd[fd],
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lockdep_is_held(&files->file_lock) ||
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atomic_read(&files->count) == 1);
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This would verify cases #2 and #3 above, and furthermore lockdep would
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complain if this was used in an RCU read-side critical section unless one
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of these two cases held. Because rcu_dereference_protected() omits all
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barriers and compiler constraints, it generates better code than do the
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other flavors of rcu_dereference(). On the other hand, it is illegal
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to use rcu_dereference_protected() if either the RCU-protected pointer
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or the RCU-protected data that it points to can change concurrently.
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Like rcu_dereference(), when lockdep is enabled, RCU list and hlist
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traversal primitives check for being called from within an RCU read-side
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critical section. However, a lockdep expression can be passed to them
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as a additional optional argument. With this lockdep expression, these
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traversal primitives will complain only if the lockdep expression is
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false and they are called from outside any RCU read-side critical section.
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For example, the workqueue for_each_pwq() macro is intended to be used
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either within an RCU read-side critical section or with wq->mutex held.
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It is thus implemented as follows:
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#define for_each_pwq(pwq, wq)
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list_for_each_entry_rcu((pwq), &(wq)->pwqs, pwqs_node,
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lock_is_held(&(wq->mutex).dep_map))
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