diff --git a/include/core/common.h b/include/core/common.h
index 541de97b..7effff81 100644
--- a/include/core/common.h
+++ b/include/core/common.h
@@ -63,9 +63,10 @@ template <typename T> std::string vecToString(const std::vector<T> &vec) {
     ret.append("[");
     for (auto d : vec) {
         ret.append(std::to_string(d));
-        ret.append(", ");
+        ret.append(",");
     }
-    ret.pop_back();
+    if (!vec.empty())
+        ret.pop_back();
     ret.append("]");
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/include/core/graph.h b/include/core/graph.h
index 3e159792..cd675f58 100644
--- a/include/core/graph.h
+++ b/include/core/graph.h
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ class GraphObj : public Object {
     string toString() const override;
 
     Tensor addTensor(Shape dim, DataType dtype = DataType::UInt32);
+    Tensor cloneTensor(const Tensor &tensor) {
+        auto ret = addTensor(tensor->getDims(), tensor->getDType());
+        ret->dataMalloc();
+        ret->copyData(tensor);
+        return ret;
+    }
 
     /**
      * @brief Add an operator and create its outputs. Output tensor arguments
diff --git a/include/core/operator.h b/include/core/operator.h
index 73a578fc..c9523bf8 100644
--- a/include/core/operator.h
+++ b/include/core/operator.h
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ class OperatorObj : public Object {
         : type(opType), inputs(inputs), outputs(outputs) {}
     virtual optional<vector<Shape>>
     inferShape(const TensorVec &inputs) const = 0;
+    virtual vector<DataType> inferDataType(const TensorVec &inputs) const;
     /**
      * @brief Constructs outputs (if requried) and check whether the operator is
      * valid.
@@ -180,6 +181,7 @@ class OperatorObj : public Object {
 
   protected:
     optional<vector<Shape>> inferShape() const;
+    vector<DataType> inferDataType() const;
 
   private:
     /**
diff --git a/include/core/tensor.h b/include/core/tensor.h
index eb8329e7..05925ec7 100644
--- a/include/core/tensor.h
+++ b/include/core/tensor.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class TensorObj : public TensorBaseObj {
     size_t getOffset(const Shape &ds) const;
     using TensorBaseObj::getData;
     VType getData(const Shape &pos) const;
-    void dataMalloc(const Runtime &runtime);
+    void dataMalloc();
 
     template <typename T> void copyData(const T *dptr) {
         IT_ASSERT(DataType::get<T>() == dtype);
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ class TensorObj : public TensorBaseObj {
         copyData(dataVector.data());
     }
 
-    void copyData(const Tensor &src) { runtime->copyBlob(this, src.get()); }
+    void copyData(const TensorObj *src);
+    void copyData(const Tensor &src) { copyData(src.get()); }
     void setData(
         const std::function<void(void *, size_t, DataType)> &generator) const {
         generator(data->getPtr<void *>(), size(), dtype);
@@ -54,11 +55,33 @@ class TensorObj : public TensorBaseObj {
     void printData() const;
     bool equalData(const Tensor &rhs) const;
 
+    template <typename T> bool equalData(const vector<T> &dataVector) {
+        IT_ASSERT(DataType::get<T>() == dtype);
+        IT_ASSERT(size() == dataVector.size());
+        return equalDataImpl(getRawDataPtr<T *>(), dataVector.data(), size());
+    }
+
   private:
     void printDataFloat() const;
     void printDataUint32_t() const;
-    template <typename T> bool equalDataInt(const Tensor &rhs) const;
-    template <typename T> bool equalDataFloat(const Tensor &rhs) const;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    bool equalDataImpl(const T *a, const T *b, size_t size) const {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T>) {
+                if (a[i] != b[i])
+                    return false;
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T>) {
+                if (fabs(a[i] - b[i]) / std::max(fabs(a[i]), fabs(b[i])) >
+                    1e-6) {
+                    printf("Error on %lu: %f %f\n", i, a[i], b[i]);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else
+                static_assert(!sizeof(T), "Unsupported data type");
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
     // void setDims(const Dim &dms) { dims = dms; }
 
     //     bool dataRand(int seed = 0) {
diff --git a/include/core/tensor_base.h b/include/core/tensor_base.h
index ee33e662..b6118477 100644
--- a/include/core/tensor_base.h
+++ b/include/core/tensor_base.h
@@ -32,8 +32,10 @@ class TensorBaseObj : public Object {
         IT_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
         data = blob;
     }
-    Blob getDataPtr() const { return data; }
-    template <typename T> T getDataRawPtr() const {
+    Blob getDataBlob() const { return data; }
+    template <typename T> T getRawDataPtr() const {
+        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<T>,
+                      "Raw data pointer has a type of pointer");
         IT_ASSERT(data != nullptr);
         return data->getPtr<T>();
     }
diff --git a/include/cuda/cuda_utility.h b/include/cuda/cuda_utility.h
index 354a38ff..85e3478b 100644
--- a/include/cuda/cuda_utility.h
+++ b/include/cuda/cuda_utility.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace infini {
 void cudaPrintFloat(float *x, int len);
 
 void cudaPrintTensor(const Tensor &tensor) {
-    cudaPrintFloat(tensor->getDataRawPtr<float *>(), tensor->size());
+    cudaPrintFloat(tensor->getRawDataPtr<float *>(), tensor->size());
 }
 
 } // namespace infini
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/operators/conv.h b/include/operators/conv.h
index a2b80815..841d1351 100644
--- a/include/operators/conv.h
+++ b/include/operators/conv.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ConvObj : public OperatorObj {
     optional<vector<Shape>> inferShape(const TensorVec &inputs) const override;
 
     std::string toString() const override;
-    int numInputs() const override { return 3; }
+    int numInputs() const override { return 2; }
     int numOutputs() const override { return 1; }
 
     Tensor getBias() const { return inputs[2]; }
diff --git a/include/operators/matmul.h b/include/operators/matmul.h
index 328756b0..40a9af9f 100644
--- a/include/operators/matmul.h
+++ b/include/operators/matmul.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class MatmulObj : public OperatorObj {
     std::string toString() const override;
     optional<vector<Shape>> inferShape(const TensorVec &inputs) const override;
 
-    int numInputs() const override { return 3; }
+    int numInputs() const override { return 2; }
     int numOutputs() const override { return 1; }
 
     Tensor getBias() const { return inputs[2]; }
diff --git a/src/core/graph.cc b/src/core/graph.cc
index 0ac489c4..0707920c 100644
--- a/src/core/graph.cc
+++ b/src/core/graph.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ void GraphObj::updateConnection() { IT_TODO_HALT(); }
 
 string GraphObj::toString() const {
     std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << "Graph Tensors:\n";
+    for (const auto &tensor : tensors)
+        oss << tensor << "\n";
+
     oss << "Graph operators:\n";
     for (const auto &op : ops)
         oss << op << "\n";
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ string GraphObj::toString() const {
 
 void GraphObj::dataMalloc() {
     for (auto &tensor : tensors) {
-        tensor->dataMalloc(runtime);
+        tensor->dataMalloc();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/operator.cc b/src/core/operator.cc
index e81c004b..ec7df9b1 100644
--- a/src/core/operator.cc
+++ b/src/core/operator.cc
@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ bool OperatorObj::checkValid(GraphObj *graph) {
     if (shapes.size() != outputs.size())
         return false;
     if (graph) { // if graph != nullptr, outputs should be created
+        auto dataTypes = inferDataType();
         for (size_t i = 0; i < outputs.size(); i++) {
             IT_ASSERT(!outputs[i]);
-            outputs[i] = graph->addTensor(shapes[i]);
+            outputs[i] = graph->addTensor(shapes[i], dataTypes[i]);
         }
     } else { // if graph is not empty, check outputs match inferred shapes
         for (size_t i = 0; i < shapes.size(); ++i) {
@@ -74,4 +75,15 @@ optional<vector<Shape>> OperatorObj::inferShape() const {
     return inferShape(inputs);
 }
 
+vector<DataType> OperatorObj::inferDataType(const TensorVec &inputs) const {
+    auto dataType = inputs[0]->getDType();
+    for (const auto &tensor : inputs)
+        IT_ASSERT(dataType == tensor->getDType());
+    return vector(numOutputs(), dataType);
+}
+
+vector<DataType> OperatorObj::inferDataType() const {
+    return inferDataType(inputs);
+}
+
 } // namespace infini
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/core/runtime.cc b/src/core/runtime.cc
index 4b7e58f6..a97ef48b 100644
--- a/src/core/runtime.cc
+++ b/src/core/runtime.cc
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ Blob RuntimeObj::allocBlob(size_t size) {
 }
 
 void RuntimeObj::copyBlob(const TensorObj *dst, const TensorObj *src) const {
-    void *dstPtr = dst->getDataRawPtr<void *>();
-    void *srcPtr = src->getDataRawPtr<void *>();
+    void *dstPtr = dst->getRawDataPtr<void *>();
+    void *srcPtr = src->getRawDataPtr<void *>();
     size_t bytes = dst->getBytes();
     auto dstRuntime = dst->getRuntime();
     auto srcRuntime = src->getRuntime();
diff --git a/src/core/tensor.cc b/src/core/tensor.cc
index 11be19d7..18fbdf3b 100644
--- a/src/core/tensor.cc
+++ b/src/core/tensor.cc
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ VType TensorObj::getData(const Shape &pos) const {
     return getData(getOffset(pos));
 }
 
-string TensorObj::toString() const { return "Tensor " + std::to_string(guid); }
+string TensorObj::toString() const {
+    return "Tensor " + std::to_string(guid) + " shape " + vecToString(shape);
+}
 
 size_t TensorObj::getOffset(const Shape &pos) const {
     auto nDim = pos.size();
@@ -103,50 +105,28 @@ void TensorObj::printDataUint32_t() const {
     }
 }
 
-template <typename T> bool TensorObj::equalDataInt(const Tensor &rhs) const {
-    auto ptr = data->getPtr<uint32_t *>();
-    auto ptrRhs = rhs->data->getPtr<uint32_t *>();
-    if (shape != rhs->getDims())
-        return false;
-    size_t sz = size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
-        if (ptr[i] != ptrRhs[i])
-            return false;
-    return true;
-}
-
-template <typename T> bool TensorObj::equalDataFloat(const Tensor &rhs) const {
-    IT_ASSERT(data != nullptr);
-    IT_ASSERT(rhs->data != nullptr);
-    // TODO: deal with data type
-    auto ptr = data->getPtr<T *>();
-    auto ptrRhs = rhs->data->getPtr<T *>();
-    if (shape != rhs->getDims())
-        return false;
-    size_t sz = size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
-        if (fabs(ptr[i] - ptrRhs[i]) / std::max(fabs(ptr[i]), fabs(ptrRhs[i])) >
-            1e-6) {
-            printf("Error on %lu: %f %f\n", i, ptr[i], ptrRhs[i]);
-            return false;
-        }
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool TensorObj::equalData(const Tensor &rhs) const {
     IT_ASSERT(data != nullptr);
     IT_ASSERT(rhs->data != nullptr);
     IT_ASSERT(getDType() == rhs->getDType());
+    IT_ASSERT(runtime->isCpu());
+    IT_ASSERT(rhs->getRuntime()->isCpu());
+    if (shape != rhs->getDims())
+        return false;
     if (getDType() == DataType::UInt32)
-        return equalDataInt<uint32_t>(rhs);
+        return equalDataImpl(getRawDataPtr<uint32_t *>(),
+                             rhs->getRawDataPtr<uint32_t *>(), size());
     else if (getDType() == DataType::Float32)
-        return equalDataInt<float>(rhs);
+        return equalDataImpl(getRawDataPtr<float *>(),
+                             rhs->getRawDataPtr<float *>(), size());
     else
         IT_TODO_HALT();
 }
 
-void TensorObj::dataMalloc(const Runtime &runtime) {
-    IT_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
+void TensorObj::dataMalloc() {
+    if (data != nullptr)
+        return;
+    // IT_ASSERT(data == nullptr);
     size_t bytesPerElement;
     if (getDType() == DataType::Float32)
         bytesPerElement = sizeof(float);
@@ -155,4 +135,10 @@ void TensorObj::dataMalloc(const Runtime &runtime) {
     data = runtime->allocBlob(size() * bytesPerElement);
 }
 
+void TensorObj::copyData(const TensorObj *src) {
+    IT_ASSERT(dtype == src->getDType());
+    IT_ASSERT(size() == src->size());
+    runtime->copyBlob(this, src);
+}
+
 }; // namespace infini
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/kernels/cpu/conv.cc b/src/kernels/cpu/conv.cc
index ac8f7b43..c8ccab4c 100644
--- a/src/kernels/cpu/conv.cc
+++ b/src/kernels/cpu/conv.cc
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ template <typename T> class NaiveConv : public Kernel {
     void compute(const Operator &_op, const PerfRecord &record,
                  const RuntimeObj *context) const override {
         auto op = as<ConvObj>(_op);
-        T *iptr = op->getInputs(0)->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
-        T *wptr = op->getInputs(1)->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
-        T *optr = op->getOutput()->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
+        T *iptr = op->getInputs(0)->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
+        T *wptr = op->getInputs(1)->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
+        T *optr = op->getOutput()->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
         auto [n, c, h, w, f, r, s] = op->getNCHWFRS();
         auto [ph, pw, sh, sw, dh, dw] = op->getPadStrideDilation();
         int cpg = op->getChannelPerGroup();
diff --git a/src/kernels/cpu/matmul.cc b/src/kernels/cpu/matmul.cc
index d7182954..42141d4e 100644
--- a/src/kernels/cpu/matmul.cc
+++ b/src/kernels/cpu/matmul.cc
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ template <typename T> class NaiveMatmul : public Kernel {
     void compute(const Operator &_op, const PerfRecord &record,
                  const RuntimeObj *context) const override {
         auto op = as<MatmulObj>(_op);
-        T *A = op->getInputs(0)->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
-        T *B = op->getInputs(1)->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
-        T *C = op->getOutput()->getDataRawPtr<T *>();
+        IT_ASSERT(op->getInputs().size() == 2, "Bias is not supported yet.");
+        T *A = op->getInputs(0)->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
+        T *B = op->getInputs(1)->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
+        T *C = op->getOutput()->getRawDataPtr<T *>();
         IT_ASSERT(op->getTransA() == false && op->getTransB() == false);
         IT_ASSERT(op->getAct() == ActType::None);
         IT_ASSERT(op->getB() == 1);
diff --git a/src/kernels/cuda/conv.cc b/src/kernels/cuda/conv.cc
index 8289ea4f..c31868bb 100644
--- a/src/kernels/cuda/conv.cc
+++ b/src/kernels/cuda/conv.cc
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ class convCudnn : public Kernel {
     bool cuDNNUnfused(const Ref<ConvObj> &op, const ConvCuDnnPerfRecord &record,
                       const CudaRuntimeObj *context) const {
         cudnnStatus_t stat;
-        void *const inData = (op->getInputs(0)->getDataRawPtr<void *>());
-        void *const knData = (op->getInputs(1)->getDataRawPtr<void *>());
-        if (op->getInputs(2) != nullptr)
+        void *const inData = (op->getInputs(0)->getRawDataPtr<void *>());
+        void *const knData = (op->getInputs(1)->getRawDataPtr<void *>());
+        if (op->getInputs().size() > 2) // Bias is not supported yet
             IT_TODO_HALT();
-        // void *const biasData = (op->getInputs(2)->getDataRawPtr<void *>());
-        void *const outData = (op->getOutput()->getDataRawPtr<void *>());
+        // void *const biasData = (op->getInputs(2)->getRawDataPtr<void *>());
+        void *const outData = (op->getOutput()->getRawDataPtr<void *>());
 
         const auto [n, c, h, w, f, r, s] = op->getNCHWFRS();
         const int cpg = op->getChannelPerGroup();
diff --git a/src/operators/conv.cc b/src/operators/conv.cc
index e2f9dc27..8c63f241 100644
--- a/src/operators/conv.cc
+++ b/src/operators/conv.cc
@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@
 namespace infini {
 
 ConvObj::ConvObj(GraphObj *graph, Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor output,
-                 int ph, int pw, int sh, int sw, int dh, int dw, Tensor bias,
-                 ActType act)
-    : OperatorObj(OpType::Conv, {input, weight, bias}, {output}), ph(ph),
-      pw(pw), sh(sh), sw(sw), dh(dh), dw(dw), act(act),
-      padding(PaddingMode::Other) {
+                 int ph, int pw, int sh, int sw, int dh, int dw,
+                 [[maybe_unused]] Tensor bias, ActType act)
+    : OperatorObj(OpType::Conv, {input, weight}, {output}), ph(ph), pw(pw),
+      sh(sh), sw(sw), dh(dh), dw(dw), act(act), padding(PaddingMode::Other) {
     setAuxilaryAttributes(PaddingMode::Other);
     IT_ASSERT(checkValid(graph));
 }
 
 ConvObj::ConvObj(GraphObj *graph, Tensor input, Tensor weight, Tensor output,
-                 PaddingMode mode, int sh, int sw, int dh, int dw, Tensor bias,
-                 ActType act)
-    : OperatorObj(OpType::Conv, {input, weight, bias}, {output}), ph(-1),
-      pw(-1), sh(sh), sw(sw), dh(dh), dw(dw), act(act), padding(mode) {
+                 PaddingMode mode, int sh, int sw, int dh, int dw,
+                 [[maybe_unused]] Tensor bias, ActType act)
+    : OperatorObj(OpType::Conv, {input, weight}, {output}), ph(-1), pw(-1),
+      sh(sh), sw(sw), dh(dh), dw(dw), act(act), padding(mode) {
     IT_ASSERT(mode != PaddingMode::Other);
     setAuxilaryAttributes(mode);
     IT_ASSERT(checkValid(graph));
diff --git a/src/operators/matmul.cc b/src/operators/matmul.cc
index 20f60914..db109192 100644
--- a/src/operators/matmul.cc
+++ b/src/operators/matmul.cc
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace infini {
 
 MatmulObj::MatmulObj(GraphObj *graph, Tensor A, Tensor B, Tensor C, bool transA,
-                     bool transB, Tensor bias, ActType act)
-    : OperatorObj(OpType::Matmul, {A, B, bias}, {C}), transA(transA),
-      transB(transB), act(act), b(A->getDims()[0]),
+                     bool transB, [[maybe_unused]] Tensor bias, ActType act)
+    : OperatorObj(OpType::Matmul, {A, B}, {C}), transA(transA), transB(transB),
+      act(act), b(A->getDims()[0]),
       m(transA ? A->getDims()[2] : A->getDims()[1]),
       n(transB ? B->getDims()[1] : B->getDims()[2]),
       k(transA ? A->getDims()[1] : A->getDims()[2]) {
diff --git a/test/core/test_graph.cc b/test/core/test_graph.cc
index 391acd3d..a91d8096 100644
--- a/test/core/test_graph.cc
+++ b/test/core/test_graph.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TEST(Graph, build_and_run) {
     runtime->run(g);
     // check answer
     auto ans = make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 2, 4}, DataType::UInt32, runtime);
-    ans->dataMalloc(runtime);
+    ans->dataMalloc();
     ans->copyData(vector<uint32_t>{38, 44, 50, 56, 83, 98, 113, 128});
     EXPECT_TRUE(o0->equalData(ans));
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ TEST(Graph, perf_engine) {
     EXPECT_LT(perfTime, 0.01);
     // check answer
     auto ans = make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 2, 4}, DataType::UInt32, runtime);
-    ans->dataMalloc(runtime);
+    ans->dataMalloc();
     ans->copyData(vector<uint32_t>{38, 44, 50, 56, 83, 98, 113, 128});
     EXPECT_TRUE(matmul->getOutput()->equalData(ans));
 }
diff --git a/test/operators/test_conv.cc b/test/operators/test_conv.cc
index f528bb0a..f6397c5c 100644
--- a/test/operators/test_conv.cc
+++ b/test/operators/test_conv.cc
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ TEST(Conv, NaiveCPU) {
     // check answer
     auto ans =
         make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 2, 2, 2}, DataType::UInt32, runtime);
-    ans->dataMalloc(runtime);
+    ans->dataMalloc();
     ans->copyData(
         vector<uint32_t>{4794, 4386, 8199, 7506, 11274, 10542, 20835, 19656});
     EXPECT_TRUE(conv->getOutput()->equalData(ans));
@@ -69,52 +69,35 @@ TEST(Conv, NaiveCPU) {
 void testConvCudnn(
     const std::function<void(void *, size_t, DataType)> &generator,
     vector<float> ansVec) {
-    Runtime cpuRuntime = CpuRuntimeObj::getInstance();
-    auto cudaRuntime = make_ref<CudaRuntimeObj>();
+    // Construct Runtime and graph for CPU and CUDA
+    Runtime cpu = CpuRuntimeObj::getInstance(); // CPUruntime is singleton
+    Graph gCpu = make_ref<GraphObj>(cpu);
+    Runtime cuda = make_ref<CudaRuntimeObj>();
+    Graph gCuda = make_ref<GraphObj>(cuda);
+    // Set input data on CPU in a CPU Graph
+    Tensor i0Cpu = gCpu->addTensor({1, 3, 4, 4}, DataType::Float32);
+    Tensor w0Cpu = gCpu->addTensor({2, 3, 3, 3}, DataType::Float32);
+    // Malloc data for all tensors in a graph. Do we need implicit allocation?
+    gCpu->dataMalloc();
+    i0Cpu->setData(generator);
+    w0Cpu->setData(generator);
+
+    // Copy input tensors from CPU to CUDA
+    Tensor i0Cuda = gCuda->cloneTensor(i0Cpu);
+    Tensor w0Cuda = gCuda->cloneTensor(w0Cpu);
     // Build CUDA graph
-    Graph g = make_ref<GraphObj>(cudaRuntime);
-    Tensor i0 = g->addTensor({1, 3, 4, 4}, DataType::Float32);
-    Tensor w0 = g->addTensor({2, 3, 3, 3}, DataType::Float32);
-    auto conv = g->addOp<ConvObj>(i0, w0, nullptr, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2);
-
+    auto conv =
+        gCuda->addOp<ConvObj>(i0Cuda, w0Cuda, nullptr, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2);
     // allocate CUDA memory
-    g->dataMalloc();
-
-    // Build input and output data on CPU
-    auto cpui0 =
-        make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 3, 4, 4}, DataType::Float32, cpuRuntime);
-    cpui0->dataMalloc(cpuRuntime);
-    cpui0->setData(generator);
-
-    auto cpuw0 =
-        make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{2, 3, 3, 3}, DataType::Float32, cpuRuntime);
-    cpuw0->dataMalloc(cpuRuntime);
-    cpuw0->setData(generator);
-
-    auto ans =
-        make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 2, 2, 2}, DataType::Float32, cpuRuntime);
-    ans->dataMalloc(cpuRuntime);
-    ans->copyData(ansVec);
-
-    // Copy inputs from CPU to CUDA
-    i0->copyData(cpui0);
-    w0->copyData(cpuw0);
+    gCuda->dataMalloc();
     // Execute on CUDA
-    cudaRuntime->run(g);
-    // double perfTime = cudaRuntime->getPerfTime(g);
-    // // The example Conv takes 0.015ms with one core
-    // EXPECT_GT(perfTime, 0);
-    // EXPECT_LT(perfTime, 0.1);
-
-    // copy CUDA output to CPU
-    auto o0 = conv->getOutput();
-    auto cpuo0 =
-        make_ref<TensorObj>(Shape{1, 2, 2, 2}, DataType::Float32, cpuRuntime);
-    cpuo0->dataMalloc(cpuRuntime);
-    cpuo0->copyData(o0);
-
+    cuda->run(gCuda);
+    // copy output from CUDA to CPU
+    auto o0Cpu = gCpu->cloneTensor(conv->getOutput());
     // check results on CPU
-    EXPECT_TRUE(cpuo0->equalData(ans));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(o0Cpu->equalData(ansVec));
+    // print a tensor/operator/graph by print()
+    gCuda->print();
 }
 
 TEST(Conv, cuDNN) {