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Import Upstream version 0.026

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denghao 2022-09-02 08:37:03 +03:00
commit 5b984b2965
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0.026 2020-08-16 14:24:02-07:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Work with strict on by default
0.025 2018-02-18 12:42:37-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Minor cperl fix
0.024 2016-10-20 06:11:07-07:00 America/Los_Angeles
- No changes from dev release
0.023 2016-09-15 12:08:40-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Remove experimental pin feature
0.022 2016-09-14 13:38:19-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Fix infinite recursion on empty pins
- Pass caller into on_use
0.021 2016-08-28 16:44:26-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- 'pins' allow multiple inheritence
- 'pins' allow +pin => [...]
- Allow nesting tags
- Allow specs in tags
- Saner arg parsing all around
0.020 2016-08-27 15:32:16-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Make 'pins' feature more sane
- remove '*' in favor of real inheritance
- use 'undef' for on_use argument when no pin is provided
- Fix bug where menu attribute was reset multiple times using pins
0.019 2016-08-25 22:00:28-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Rename the 'version-sets' feature to 'pins' to avoid confusions and
conflicts
0.018 2016-08-21 16:09:24-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Allow renaming of the 'v0' version set
0.017 2016-08-20 22:57:17-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Add on_use/sub EXPORT_ON_USE { ... } feature
0.016 2016-08-20 21:41:34-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Add polish to version-sets
- Add '*' version for common things
- Do not allow tags or versions inside a version specification
- More documentation for version-sets
0.015 2016-08-20 15:26:23-07:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Add support for version-sets
- Spelling fixes
0.014 2016-07-12 21:53:31-07:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Add :ALL tag when none is pre-defined
0.013 2016-07-09 16:00:05-07:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Add extra params to custom symbol setters
0.012 2016-01-26 19:31:40-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Expose optimal_import()
0.011 2016-01-26 15:55:46-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- no changes from last trial
0.010 2016-01-25 14:21:40-08:00 America/Los_Angeles (TRIAL RELEASE)
- Remove experimental warning
- _optimal_import aborts if certain vars are present
- Add EXPORT_MAGIC var support
0.009 2016-01-24 19:29:38-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Quote filename in regex so windows can pass tests
0.008 2016-01-24 13:59:48-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- New Feature: Custom export asignments
- New Feature: Get exports as hash/list/ref
0.007 2016-01-23 21:22:00-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Less warnings/strict pragmas scattered everywhere
- Strip '&' from exporter_fail args
- Fix support for non-exports listed in @EXPORT (Grr CGI.pm)
0.006 2016-01-23 17:23:08-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Doc updates
- Remove Exporter.pm clone
- Further optimize _optimal_import
- Fix bugs found in blead testing
0.005 2016-01-22 09:21:17-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Fix for older perls
0.004 2016-01-21 21:18:11-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Finish testing
- Bug fixes
- documentation
0.003 2016-01-17 23:19:45-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Optimized path for most-common import condition
- More testing
- Bug fixes
- Prototype Exporter.pm clone
0.002 2016-01-16 15:09:11-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Doc fixes
- Bug fixes
- Additional testing (still incomplete)
0.001 2016-01-15 11:47:38-08:00 America/Los_Angeles
- Initial Release

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This software is copyright (c) 2020 by Chad Granum.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
Terms of the Perl programming language system itself
a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any
later version, or
b) the "Artistic License"
--- The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 ---
This software is Copyright (c) 2020 by Chad Granum.
This is free software, licensed under:
The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 1, February 1989
Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
You can use it for your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must tell them their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
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along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
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1 above, provided that you also do the following:
a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
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Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
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c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!
--- The Artistic License 1.0 ---
This software is Copyright (c) 2020 by Chad Granum.
This is free software, licensed under:
The Artistic License 1.0
The Artistic License
Preamble
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may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of
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Definitions:
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Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through
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or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright
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1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
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a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them
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b) use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not conflict with
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d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
4. You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or executable
form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
a) distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library files,
together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent) on where to
get the Standard Version.
b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of the Package
with your modifications.
c) accompany any non-standard executables with their corresponding Standard
Version executables, giving the non-standard executables non-standard
names, and clearly documenting the differences in manual pages (or
equivalent), together with instructions on where to get the Standard
Version.
d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
5. You may charge a reasonable copying fee for any distribution of this
Package. You may charge any fee you choose for support of this Package. You
may not charge a fee for this Package itself. However, you may distribute this
Package in aggregate with other (possibly commercial) programs as part of a
larger (possibly commercial) software distribution provided that you do not
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6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as output
from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall under the copyright
of this Package, but belong to whomever generated them, and may be sold
commercially, and may be aggregated with this Package.
7. C or perl subroutines supplied by you and linked into this Package shall not
be considered part of this Package.
8. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
9. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
The End

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Changes
LICENSE
MANIFEST
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META.yml
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README.md
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lib/Importer.pm
t/Simple.t
t/all_tag.t
t/export_fail.t
t/import.t
t/missing.t
t/units.t

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---
abstract: 'Alternative but compatible interface to modules that export symbols.'
author:
- 'Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>'
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# This file was automatically generated by Dist::Zilla::Plugin::MakeMaker v6.015.
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WriteMakefile(%WriteMakefileArgs);

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NAME
Importer - Alternative but compatible interface to modules that export
symbols.
DESCRIPTION
This module acts as a layer between Exporter and modules which consume
exports. It is feature-compatible with Exporter, plus some much needed
extras. You can use this to import symbols from any exporter that
follows Exporters specification. The exporter modules themselves do not
need to use or inherit from the Exporter module, they just need to set
@EXPORT and/or other variables.
SYNOPSIS
# Import defaults
use Importer 'Some::Module';
# Import a list
use Importer 'Another::Module' => qw/foo bar baz/;
# Import a specific version:
use Importer 'That::Module' => '1.00';
# Require a sepcific version of Importer
use Importer 0.001, 'Foo::Bar' => qw/a b c/;
foo()
bar()
baz()
# Remove all subroutines imported by Importer
no Importer;
# Import symbols into variables
my $croak = Importer->get_one(Carp => qw/croak/);
$croak->("This will croak");
my $CARP = Importer->get(Carp => qw/croak confess cluck/);
$CARP->{croak}->("This will croak");
$CARP->{cluck}->("This will cluck");
$CARP->{confess}->("This will confess");
WHY?
There was recently a discussion on p5p about adding features to
Exporter. This conversation raised some significant concerns, those are
listed here, in addition to others.
The burden is on export consumers to specify a version of Exporter
Adding a feature to Exporter means that any consumer module that
relies on the new features must depend on a specific version of
Exporter. This seems somewhat backwards since Exporter is used by the
module you are importing from.
Exporter.pm is really old/crazy code
Not much more to say here. It is very old, it is very crazy, and if
you break it you break EVERYTHING.
Using a modules import() for exporting makes it hard to give it other
purposes
It is not unusual for a module to want to export symbols and provide
import behaviors. It is also not unusual for a consumer to only want
1 or the other. Using this module you can import symbols without also
getting the import() side effects.
In addition, moving forward, modules can specify exports and have a
custom import() without conflating the two. A module can tell you to
use Importer to get the symbols, and to use the module directly for
behaviors. A module could also use Importer within its own import()
method without the need to subclass Exporter, or bring in its
import() method.
There are other exporter modules on cpan
This module normally assumes an exporter uses Exporter, so it looks
for the variables and methods Exporter expects. However, other
exporters on cpan can override this using the IMPORTER_MENU() hook.
COMPATIBILITY
This module aims for 100% compatibility with every feature of Exporter,
plus added features such as import renaming.
If you find something that works differently, or not at all when
compared to Exporter please report it as a bug, unless it is noted as
an intentional feature (like import renaming).
IMPORT PARAMETERS
use Importer $IMPORTER_VERSION, $FROM_MODULE, $FROM_MODULE_VERSION, \&SET_SYMBOL, @SYMBOLS;
$IMPORTER_VERSION (optional)
If you provide a numeric argument as the first argument it will be
treated as a version number. Importer will do a version check to make
sure it is at least at the requested version.
$FROM_MODULE (required)
This is the only required argument. This is the name of the module to
import symbols from.
$FROM_MODULE_VERSION (optional)
Any numeric argument following the $FROM_MODULE will be treated as a
version check against $FROM_MODULE.
\&SET_SYMBOL (optional)
Normally Importer will put the exports into your namespace. This is
usually done via a more complex form of *name = $ref. If you do NOT
want this to happen then you can provide a custom sub to handle the
assignment.
This is an example that uses this feature to put all the exports into
a lexical hash instead of modifying the namespace (This is how the
get() method is implemented).
my %CARP;
use Importer Carp => sub {
my ($name, $ref) = @_;
$CARP{$name} = $ref;
};
$CARP{cluck}->("This will cluck");
$CARP{croak}->("This will croak");
The first two arguments to the custom sub are the name (no sigil),
and the reference. The additional arguments are key/value pairs:
sub set_symbol {
my ($name, $ref, %info) = @_;
}
$info{from}
Package the symbol comes from.
$info{into}
Package to which the symbol should be added.
$info{sig}
The sigil that should be used.
$info{spec}
Extra details.
$info{symbol}
The original symbol name (with sigil) from the original package.
@SYMBOLS (optional)
Symbols you wish to import. If no symbols are specified then the
defaults will be used. You may also specify tags using the ':'
prefix.
SUPPORTED FEATURES
TAGS
You can define/import subsets of symbols using predefined tags.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => ':tag';
Importer will automatically populate the :DEFAULT tag for you. Importer
will also give you an :ALL tag with ALL exports so long as the exporter
does not define a :ALL tag already.
/PATTERN/ or qr/PATTERN/
You can import all symbols that match a pattern. The pattern can be
supplied a string starting and ending with '/', or you can provide a
qr/../ reference.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => '/oo/';
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => qr/oo/;
EXCLUDING SYMBOLS
You can exclude symbols by prefixing them with '!'.
use Importer 'Some::Thing'
'!foo', # Exclude one specific symbol
'!/pattern/', # Exclude all matching symbols
'!' => qr/oo/, # Exclude all that match the following arg
'!:tag'; # Exclude all in tag
RENAMING SYMBOLS AT IMPORT
This is a new feature, Exporter does not support this on its own.
You can rename symbols at import time using a specification hash
following the import name:
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => (
foo => { -as => 'my_foo' },
);
You can also add a prefix and/or postfix:
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => (
foo => { -prefix => 'my_' },
);
Using this syntax to set prefix and/or postfix also works on tags and
patterns that are specified for import, in which case the
prefix/postfix is applied to all symbols from the tag/patterm.
CUSTOM EXPORT ASSIGNMENT
This lets you provide an alternative to the *name = $ref export
assignment. See the list of parameters to import()
UNIMPORTING
See "UNIMPORT PARAMETERS".
ANONYMOUS EXPORTS
See "%EXPORT_ANON".
GENERATED EXPORTS
See "%EXPORT_GEN".
UNIMPORT PARAMETERS
no Importer; # Remove all subs brought in with Importer
no Importer qw/foo bar/; # Remove only the specified subs
Only subs can be unimported.
You can only unimport subs imported using Importer.
SUPPORTED VARIABLES
@EXPORT
This is used exactly the way Exporter uses it.
List of symbols to export. Sigil is optional for subs. Symbols listed
here are exported by default. If possible you should put symbols in
@EXPORT_OK instead.
our @EXPORT = qw/foo bar &baz $BAT/;
@EXPORT_OK
This is used exactly the way Exporter uses it.
List of symbols that can be imported. Sigil is optional for subs.
Symbols listed here are not exported by default. This is preferred over
@EXPORT.
our @EXPORT_OK = qw/foo bar &baz $BAT/;
%EXPORT_TAGS
This module supports tags exactly the way Exporter does.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => ':DEFAULT';
use Importer 'Other::Thing' => ':some_tag';
Tags can be specified this way:
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
oos => [qw/foo boo zoo/],
ees => [qw/fee bee zee/],
);
@EXPORT_FAIL
This is used exactly the way Exporter uses it.
Use this to list subs that are not available on all platforms. If
someone tries to import one of these, Importer will hit your
$from->export_fail(@items) callback to try to resolve the issue. See
Exporter for documentation of this feature.
our @EXPORT_FAIL = qw/maybe_bad/;
%EXPORT_ANON
This is new to this module, Exporter does not support it.
This allows you to export symbols that are not actually in your package
symbol table. The keys should be the symbol names, the values are the
references for the symbols.
our %EXPORT_ANON = (
'&foo' => sub { 'foo' }
'$foo' => \$foo,
...
);
%EXPORT_GEN
This is new to this module, Exporter does not support it.
This allows you to export symbols that are generated on export. The key
should be the name of a symbol. The value should be a coderef that
produces a reference that will be exported.
When the generators are called they will receive 2 arguments, the
package the symbol is being exported into, and the symbol being
imported (name may or may not include sigil for subs).
our %EXPORT_GEN = (
'&foo' => sub {
my $from_package = shift;
my ($into_package, $symbol_name) = @_;
...
return sub { ... };
},
...
);
%EXPORT_MAGIC
This is new to this module. Exporter does not support it.
This allows you to define custom actions to run AFTER an export has
been injected into the consumers namespace. This is a good place to
enable parser hooks like with Devel::Declare. These will NOT be run if
a consumer uses a custom assignment callback.
our %EXPORT_MAGIC = (
foo => sub {
my $from = shift; # Should be the package doing the exporting
my %args = @_;
my $into = $args{into}; # Package symbol was exported into
my $orig_name = $args{orig_name}; # Original name of the export (in the exporter)
my $new_name = $args{new_name}; # Name the symbol was imported as
my $ref = $args{ref}; # The reference to the symbol
...; # whatever you want, return is ignored.
},
);
CLASS METHODS
Importer->import($from)
Importer->import($from, $version)
Importer->import($from, @imports)
Importer->import($from, $from_version, @imports)
Importer->import($importer_version, $from, ...)
This is the magic behind use Importer ....
Importer->import_into($from, $into, @imports)
Importer->import_into($from, $level, @imports)
You can use this to import symbols from $from into $into. $into may
either be a package name, or a caller level to get the name from.
Importer->unimport()
Importer->unimport(@sub_name)
This is the magic behind no Importer ....
Importer->unimport_from($from, @sub_names)
Importer->unimport_from($level, @sub_names)
This lets you remove imported symbols from $from. $from my be a
package name, or a caller level.
my $exports = Importer->get($from, @imports)
This returns hashref of { $name => $ref } for all the specified
imports.
$from should be the package from which to get the exports.
my @export_refs = Importer->get_list($from, @imports)
This returns a list of references for each import specified. Only the
export references are returned, the names are not.
$from should be the package from which to get the exports.
$export_ref = Importer->get_one($from, $import)
This returns a single reference to a single export. If you provide
multiple imports then only the LAST one will be used.
$from should be the package from which to get the exports.
USING WITH OTHER EXPORTER IMPLEMENTATIONS
If you want your module to work with Importer, but you use something
other than Exporter to define your exports, you can make it work be
defining the IMPORTER_MENU method in your package. As well other
exporters can be updated to support Importer by putting this sub in
your package. IMPORTER_MENU() must be defined in your package, not a
base class!
sub IMPORTER_MENU {
my $class = shift;
my ($into, $caller) = @_;
return (
export => \@EXPORT, # Default exports
export_ok => \@EXPORT_OK, # Other allowed exports
export_tags => \%EXPORT_TAGS, # Define tags
export_fail => \@EXPORT_FAIL, # For subs that may not always be available
export_anon => \%EXPORT_ANON, # Anonymous symbols to export
export_magic => \%EXPORT_MAGIC, # Magic to apply after a symbol is exported
generate => \&GENERATE, # Sub to generate dynamic exports
# OR
export_gen => \%EXPORT_GEN, # Hash of builders, key is symbol
# name, value is sub that generates
# the symbol ref.
);
}
sub GENERATE {
my ($symbol) = @_;
...
return $ref;
}
All exports must be listed in either @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK, or be keys
in %EXPORT_GEN or %EXPORT_ANON to be allowed. 'export_tags',
'export_fail', 'export_anon', 'export_gen', and 'generate' are
optional. You cannot combine 'generate' and 'export_gen'.
Note: If your GENERATE sub needs the $class, $into, or $caller then
your IMPORTER_MENU() method will need to build an anonymous sub that
closes over them:
sub IMPORTER_MENU {
my $class = shift;
my ($into, $caller) = @_;
return (
...
generate => sub { $class->GENERATE($into, $caller, @_) },
);
}
OO Interface
use Importer;
my $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter');
$imp->do_import('Destination::Package');
$imp->do_import('Another::Destination', @symbols);
Or, maybe more useful:
my $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Carp');
my $croak = $imp->get_one('croak');
$croak->("This will croak");
OBJECT CONSTRUCTION
$imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter')
$imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter', caller => [$package,
$file, $line])
This is how you create a new Importer instance. from =>
'Some::Exporter' is the only required argument. You may also specify
the caller => [...] arrayref, which will be used only for error
reporting. If you do not specify a caller then Importer will attempt
to find the caller dynamically every time it needs it (this is slow
and expensive, but necessary if you intend to re-use the object.)
OBJECT METHODS
$imp->do_import($into)
$imp->do_import($into, @symbols)
This will import from the objects from package into the $into
package. You can provide a list of @symbols, or you can leave it
empty for the defaults.
$imp->do_unimport()
$imp->do_unimport(@symbols)
This will remove imported symbols from the objects from package. If
you specify a list of @symbols then only the specified symbols will
be removed, otherwise all symbols imported using Importer will be
removed.
Note: Please be aware of the difference between do_import() and
do_unimport(). For import 'from' us used as the origin, in unimport
it is used as the target. This means you cannot re-use an instance to
import and then unimport.
($into, $versions, $exclude, $symbols, $set) =
$imp->parse_args('Dest::Package')
($into, $versions, $exclude, $symbols, $set) =
$imp->parse_args('Dest::Package', @symbols)
This parses arguments. The first argument must be the destination
package. Other arguments can be a mix of symbol names, tags,
patterns, version numbers, and exclusions.
$caller_ref = $imp->get_caller()
This will find the caller. This is mainly used for error reporting.
IF the object was constructed with a caller then that is what is
returned, otherwise this will scan the stack looking for the first
call that does not originate from a package that ISA Importer.
$imp->carp($warning)
Warn at the callers level.
$imp->croak($exception)
Die at the callers level.
$from_package = $imp->from()
Get the from package that was specified at construction.
$file = $imp->from_file()
Get the filename for the from package.
$imp->load_from()
This will load the from package if it has not been loaded already.
This uses some magic to ensure errors in the load process are
reported to the caller.
$menu_hr = $imp->menu($into)
Get the export menu built from, or provided by the from package. This
is cached after the first time it is called. Use $imp->reload_menu()
to refresh it.
The menu structure looks like this:
$menu = {
# every valid export has a key in the lookup hashref, value is always
# 1, key always includes the sigil
lookup => {'&symbol_a' => 1, '$symbol_b' => 1, ...},
# most exports are listed here, symbol name with sigil is key, value is
# a reference to the symbol. If a symbol is missing it may be generated.
exports => {'&symbol_a' => \&symbol_a, '$symbol_b' => \$symbol_b, ...},
# Hashref of tags, tag name (without ':' prefix) is key, value is an
# arrayref of symbol names, subs may have a sigil, but are not required
# to.
tags => { DEFAULT => [...], foo => [...], ... },
# Magic to apply
magic => { foo => sub { ... }, ... },
# This is a hashref just like 'lookup'. Keys are symbols which may not
# always be available. If there are no symbols in this category then
# the value of the 'fail' key will be undef instead of a hashref.
fail => { '&iffy_symbol' => 1, '\&only_on_linux' => 1 },
# OR fail => undef,
# If present, this subroutine knows how to generate references for the
# symbols listed in 'lookup', but missing from 'exports'. References
# this returns are NEVER cached.
generate => sub { my $sym_name = shift; ...; return $symbol_ref },
};
$imp->reload_menu($into)
This will reload the export menu from the from package.
my $exports = $imp->get(@imports)
This returns hashref of { $name => $ref } for all the specified
imports.
my @export_refs = $imp->get_list(@imports)
This returns a list of references for each import specified. Only the
export references are returned, the names are not.
$export_ref = $imp->get_one($import)
This returns a single reference to a single export. If you provide
multiple imports then only the LAST one will be used.
FUNCTIONS
These can be imported:
use Importer 'Importer' => qw/import optimal_import/;
$bool = optimal_import($from, $into, \@caller, @imports)
This function will attempt to import @imports from the $from package
into the $into package. @caller needs to have a package name,
filename, and line number. If this function fails then no exporting
will actually happen.
If the import is successful this will return true.
If the import is unsuccessful this will return false, and no
modifications to the symbol table will occur.
$class->import(@imports)
If you write class intended to be used with Importer, but also need
to provide a legacy import() method for direct consumers of your
class, you can import this import() method.
package My::Exporter;
# This will give you 'import()' much like 'use base "Exporter";'
use Importer 'Importer' => qw/import/;
...
SOURCE
The source code repository for Importer can be found at
http://github.com/exodist/Importer.
MAINTAINERS
Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
AUTHORS
Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2015 Chad Granum <exodist7@gmail.com>.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/

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# NAME
Importer - Alternative but compatible interface to modules that export symbols.
# DESCRIPTION
This module acts as a layer between [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) and modules which consume
exports. It is feature-compatible with [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter), plus some much needed
extras. You can use this to import symbols from any exporter that follows
[Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter)s specification. The exporter modules themselves do not need to use
or inherit from the [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) module, they just need to set `@EXPORT` and/or
other variables.
# SYNOPSIS
# Import defaults
use Importer 'Some::Module';
# Import a list
use Importer 'Another::Module' => qw/foo bar baz/;
# Import a specific version:
use Importer 'That::Module' => '1.00';
# Require a sepcific version of Importer
use Importer 0.001, 'Foo::Bar' => qw/a b c/;
foo()
bar()
baz()
# Remove all subroutines imported by Importer
no Importer;
# Import symbols into variables
my $croak = Importer->get_one(Carp => qw/croak/);
$croak->("This will croak");
my $CARP = Importer->get(Carp => qw/croak confess cluck/);
$CARP->{croak}->("This will croak");
$CARP->{cluck}->("This will cluck");
$CARP->{confess}->("This will confess");
# WHY?
There was recently a discussion on p5p about adding features to [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter).
This conversation raised some significant concerns, those are listed here, in
addition to others.
- The burden is on export consumers to specify a version of Exporter
Adding a feature to [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) means that any consumer module that relies on
the new features must depend on a specific version of [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter). This seems
somewhat backwards since [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) is used by the module you are importing
from.
- Exporter.pm is really old/crazy code
Not much more to say here. It is very old, it is very crazy, and if you break
it you break EVERYTHING.
- Using a modules import() for exporting makes it hard to give it other purposes
It is not unusual for a module to want to export symbols and provide import
behaviors. It is also not unusual for a consumer to only want 1 or the other.
Using this module you can import symbols without also getting the `import()`
side effects.
In addition, moving forward, modules can specify exports and have a custom
`import()` without conflating the two. A module can tell you to use Importer
to get the symbols, and to use the module directly for behaviors. A module
could also use Importer within its own `import()` method without the need to
subclass [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter), or bring in its `import()` method.
- There are other exporter modules on cpan
This module normally assumes an exporter uses [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter), so it looks for the
variables and methods [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) expects. However, other exporters on cpan can
override this using the `IMPORTER_MENU()` hook.
# COMPATIBILITY
This module aims for 100% compatibility with every feature of [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter), plus
added features such as import renaming.
If you find something that works differently, or not at all when compared to
[Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) please report it as a bug, unless it is noted as an intentional
feature (like import renaming).
# IMPORT PARAMETERS
use Importer $IMPORTER_VERSION, $FROM_MODULE, $FROM_MODULE_VERSION, \&SET_SYMBOL, @SYMBOLS;
- $IMPORTER\_VERSION (optional)
If you provide a numeric argument as the first argument it will be treated as a
version number. Importer will do a version check to make sure it is at least at
the requested version.
- $FROM\_MODULE (required)
This is the only required argument. This is the name of the module to import
symbols from.
- $FROM\_MODULE\_VERSION (optional)
Any numeric argument following the `$FROM_MODULE` will be treated as a version
check against `$FROM_MODULE`.
- \\&SET\_SYMBOL (optional)
Normally Importer will put the exports into your namespace. This is usually
done via a more complex form of `*name = $ref`. If you do NOT want this to
happen then you can provide a custom sub to handle the assignment.
This is an example that uses this feature to put all the exports into a lexical
hash instead of modifying the namespace (This is how the `get()` method is
implemented).
my %CARP;
use Importer Carp => sub {
my ($name, $ref) = @_;
$CARP{$name} = $ref;
};
$CARP{cluck}->("This will cluck");
$CARP{croak}->("This will croak");
The first two arguments to the custom sub are the name (no sigil), and the
reference. The additional arguments are key/value pairs:
sub set_symbol {
my ($name, $ref, %info) = @_;
}
- $info{from}
Package the symbol comes from.
- $info{into}
Package to which the symbol should be added.
- $info{sig}
The sigil that should be used.
- $info{spec}
Extra details.
- $info{symbol}
The original symbol name (with sigil) from the original package.
- @SYMBOLS (optional)
Symbols you wish to import. If no symbols are specified then the defaults will
be used. You may also specify tags using the ':' prefix.
# SUPPORTED FEATURES
## TAGS
You can define/import subsets of symbols using predefined tags.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => ':tag';
[Importer](https://metacpan.org/pod/Importer) will automatically populate the `:DEFAULT` tag for you.
[Importer](https://metacpan.org/pod/Importer) will also give you an `:ALL` tag with ALL exports so long as the
exporter does not define a `:ALL` tag already.
## /PATTERN/ or qr/PATTERN/
You can import all symbols that match a pattern. The pattern can be supplied a
string starting and ending with '/', or you can provide a `qr/../` reference.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => '/oo/';
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => qr/oo/;
## EXCLUDING SYMBOLS
You can exclude symbols by prefixing them with '!'.
use Importer 'Some::Thing'
'!foo', # Exclude one specific symbol
'!/pattern/', # Exclude all matching symbols
'!' => qr/oo/, # Exclude all that match the following arg
'!:tag'; # Exclude all in tag
## RENAMING SYMBOLS AT IMPORT
_This is a new feature,_ [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) _does not support this on its own._
You can rename symbols at import time using a specification hash following the
import name:
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => (
foo => { -as => 'my_foo' },
);
You can also add a prefix and/or postfix:
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => (
foo => { -prefix => 'my_' },
);
Using this syntax to set prefix and/or postfix also works on tags and patterns
that are specified for import, in which case the prefix/postfix is applied to
all symbols from the tag/patterm.
## CUSTOM EXPORT ASSIGNMENT
This lets you provide an alternative to the `*name = $ref` export assignment.
See the list of [parameters](#import-parameters) to `import()`
## UNIMPORTING
See ["UNIMPORT PARAMETERS"](#unimport-parameters).
## ANONYMOUS EXPORTS
See ["%EXPORT\_ANON"](#export_anon).
## GENERATED EXPORTS
See ["%EXPORT\_GEN"](#export_gen).
# UNIMPORT PARAMETERS
no Importer; # Remove all subs brought in with Importer
no Importer qw/foo bar/; # Remove only the specified subs
**Only subs can be unimported**.
**You can only unimport subs imported using Importer**.
# SUPPORTED VARIABLES
## @EXPORT
This is used exactly the way [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) uses it.
List of symbols to export. Sigil is optional for subs. Symbols listed here are
exported by default. If possible you should put symbols in `@EXPORT_OK`
instead.
our @EXPORT = qw/foo bar &baz $BAT/;
## @EXPORT\_OK
This is used exactly the way [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) uses it.
List of symbols that can be imported. Sigil is optional for subs. Symbols
listed here are not exported by default. This is preferred over `@EXPORT`.
our @EXPORT_OK = qw/foo bar &baz $BAT/;
## %EXPORT\_TAGS
This module supports tags exactly the way [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) does.
use Importer 'Some::Thing' => ':DEFAULT';
use Importer 'Other::Thing' => ':some_tag';
Tags can be specified this way:
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
oos => [qw/foo boo zoo/],
ees => [qw/fee bee zee/],
);
## @EXPORT\_FAIL
This is used exactly the way [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) uses it.
Use this to list subs that are not available on all platforms. If someone tries
to import one of these, Importer will hit your `$from->export_fail(@items)`
callback to try to resolve the issue. See [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) for documentation of
this feature.
our @EXPORT_FAIL = qw/maybe_bad/;
## %EXPORT\_ANON
This is new to this module, [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) does not support it.
This allows you to export symbols that are not actually in your package symbol
table. The keys should be the symbol names, the values are the references for
the symbols.
our %EXPORT_ANON = (
'&foo' => sub { 'foo' }
'$foo' => \$foo,
...
);
## %EXPORT\_GEN
This is new to this module, [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) does not support it.
This allows you to export symbols that are generated on export. The key should
be the name of a symbol. The value should be a coderef that produces a
reference that will be exported.
When the generators are called they will receive 2 arguments, the package the
symbol is being exported into, and the symbol being imported (name may or may
not include sigil for subs).
our %EXPORT_GEN = (
'&foo' => sub {
my $from_package = shift;
my ($into_package, $symbol_name) = @_;
...
return sub { ... };
},
...
);
## %EXPORT\_MAGIC
This is new to this module. [Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) does not support it.
This allows you to define custom actions to run AFTER an export has been
injected into the consumers namespace. This is a good place to enable parser
hooks like with [Devel::Declare](https://metacpan.org/pod/Devel::Declare). These will NOT be run if a consumer uses a
custom assignment callback.
our %EXPORT_MAGIC = (
foo => sub {
my $from = shift; # Should be the package doing the exporting
my %args = @_;
my $into = $args{into}; # Package symbol was exported into
my $orig_name = $args{orig_name}; # Original name of the export (in the exporter)
my $new_name = $args{new_name}; # Name the symbol was imported as
my $ref = $args{ref}; # The reference to the symbol
...; # whatever you want, return is ignored.
},
);
# CLASS METHODS
- Importer->import($from)
- Importer->import($from, $version)
- Importer->import($from, @imports)
- Importer->import($from, $from\_version, @imports)
- Importer->import($importer\_version, $from, ...)
This is the magic behind `use Importer ...`.
- Importer->import\_into($from, $into, @imports)
- Importer->import\_into($from, $level, @imports)
You can use this to import symbols from `$from` into `$into`. `$into` may
either be a package name, or a caller level to get the name from.
- Importer->unimport()
- Importer->unimport(@sub\_name)
This is the magic behind `no Importer ...`.
- Importer->unimport\_from($from, @sub\_names)
- Importer->unimport\_from($level, @sub\_names)
This lets you remove imported symbols from `$from`. `$from` my be a package
name, or a caller level.
- my $exports = Importer->get($from, @imports)
This returns hashref of `{ $name => $ref }` for all the specified imports.
`$from` should be the package from which to get the exports.
- my @export\_refs = Importer->get\_list($from, @imports)
This returns a list of references for each import specified. Only the export
references are returned, the names are not.
`$from` should be the package from which to get the exports.
- $export\_ref = Importer->get\_one($from, $import)
This returns a single reference to a single export. If you provide multiple
imports then only the LAST one will be used.
`$from` should be the package from which to get the exports.
# USING WITH OTHER EXPORTER IMPLEMENTATIONS
If you want your module to work with Importer, but you use something other than
[Exporter](https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter) to define your exports, you can make it work be defining the
`IMPORTER_MENU` method in your package. As well other exporters can be updated
to support Importer by putting this sub in your package.
**IMPORTER\_MENU() must be defined in your package, not a base class!**
sub IMPORTER_MENU {
my $class = shift;
my ($into, $caller) = @_;
return (
export => \@EXPORT, # Default exports
export_ok => \@EXPORT_OK, # Other allowed exports
export_tags => \%EXPORT_TAGS, # Define tags
export_fail => \@EXPORT_FAIL, # For subs that may not always be available
export_anon => \%EXPORT_ANON, # Anonymous symbols to export
export_magic => \%EXPORT_MAGIC, # Magic to apply after a symbol is exported
generate => \&GENERATE, # Sub to generate dynamic exports
# OR
export_gen => \%EXPORT_GEN, # Hash of builders, key is symbol
# name, value is sub that generates
# the symbol ref.
);
}
sub GENERATE {
my ($symbol) = @_;
...
return $ref;
}
All exports must be listed in either `@EXPORT` or `@EXPORT_OK`, or be keys in
`%EXPORT_GEN` or `%EXPORT_ANON` to be allowed. 'export\_tags', 'export\_fail',
'export\_anon', 'export\_gen', and 'generate' are optional. You cannot combine
'generate' and 'export\_gen'.
**Note:** If your GENERATE sub needs the `$class`, `$into`, or `$caller` then
your `IMPORTER_MENU()` method will need to build an anonymous sub that closes
over them:
sub IMPORTER_MENU {
my $class = shift;
my ($into, $caller) = @_;
return (
...
generate => sub { $class->GENERATE($into, $caller, @_) },
);
}
# OO Interface
use Importer;
my $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter');
$imp->do_import('Destination::Package');
$imp->do_import('Another::Destination', @symbols);
Or, maybe more useful:
my $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Carp');
my $croak = $imp->get_one('croak');
$croak->("This will croak");
## OBJECT CONSTRUCTION
- $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter')
- $imp = Importer->new(from => 'Some::Exporter', caller => \[$package, $file, $line\])
This is how you create a new Importer instance. `from => 'Some::Exporter'`
is the only required argument. You may also specify the `caller => [...]`
arrayref, which will be used only for error reporting. If you do not specify a
caller then Importer will attempt to find the caller dynamically every time it
needs it (this is slow and expensive, but necessary if you intend to re-use the
object.)
## OBJECT METHODS
- $imp->do\_import($into)
- $imp->do\_import($into, @symbols)
This will import from the objects `from` package into the `$into` package.
You can provide a list of `@symbols`, or you can leave it empty for the
defaults.
- $imp->do\_unimport()
- $imp->do\_unimport(@symbols)
This will remove imported symbols from the objects `from` package. If you
specify a list of `@symbols` then only the specified symbols will be removed,
otherwise all symbols imported using Importer will be removed.
**Note:** Please be aware of the difference between `do_import()` and
`do_unimport()`. For import 'from' us used as the origin, in unimport it is
used as the target. This means you cannot re-use an instance to import and then
unimport.
- ($into, $versions, $exclude, $symbols, $set) = $imp->parse\_args('Dest::Package')
- ($into, $versions, $exclude, $symbols, $set) = $imp->parse\_args('Dest::Package', @symbols)
This parses arguments. The first argument must be the destination package.
Other arguments can be a mix of symbol names, tags, patterns, version numbers,
and exclusions.
- $caller\_ref = $imp->get\_caller()
This will find the caller. This is mainly used for error reporting. IF the
object was constructed with a caller then that is what is returned, otherwise
this will scan the stack looking for the first call that does not originate
from a package that ISA Importer.
- $imp->carp($warning)
Warn at the callers level.
- $imp->croak($exception)
Die at the callers level.
- $from\_package = $imp->from()
Get the `from` package that was specified at construction.
- $file = $imp->from\_file()
Get the filename for the `from` package.
- $imp->load\_from()
This will load the `from` package if it has not been loaded already. This uses
some magic to ensure errors in the load process are reported to the `caller`.
- $menu\_hr = $imp->menu($into)
Get the export menu built from, or provided by the `from` package. This is
cached after the first time it is called. Use `$imp->reload_menu()` to
refresh it.
The menu structure looks like this:
$menu = {
# every valid export has a key in the lookup hashref, value is always
# 1, key always includes the sigil
lookup => {'&symbol_a' => 1, '$symbol_b' => 1, ...},
# most exports are listed here, symbol name with sigil is key, value is
# a reference to the symbol. If a symbol is missing it may be generated.
exports => {'&symbol_a' => \&symbol_a, '$symbol_b' => \$symbol_b, ...},
# Hashref of tags, tag name (without ':' prefix) is key, value is an
# arrayref of symbol names, subs may have a sigil, but are not required
# to.
tags => { DEFAULT => [...], foo => [...], ... },
# Magic to apply
magic => { foo => sub { ... }, ... },
# This is a hashref just like 'lookup'. Keys are symbols which may not
# always be available. If there are no symbols in this category then
# the value of the 'fail' key will be undef instead of a hashref.
fail => { '&iffy_symbol' => 1, '\&only_on_linux' => 1 },
# OR fail => undef,
# If present, this subroutine knows how to generate references for the
# symbols listed in 'lookup', but missing from 'exports'. References
# this returns are NEVER cached.
generate => sub { my $sym_name = shift; ...; return $symbol_ref },
};
- $imp->reload\_menu($into)
This will reload the export menu from the `from` package.
- my $exports = $imp->get(@imports)
This returns hashref of `{ $name => $ref }` for all the specified imports.
- my @export\_refs = $imp->get\_list(@imports)
This returns a list of references for each import specified. Only the export
references are returned, the names are not.
- $export\_ref = $imp->get\_one($import)
This returns a single reference to a single export. If you provide multiple
imports then only the LAST one will be used.
# FUNCTIONS
These can be imported:
use Importer 'Importer' => qw/import optimal_import/;
- $bool = optimal\_import($from, $into, \\@caller, @imports)
This function will attempt to import `@imports` from the `$from` package into
the `$into` package. `@caller` needs to have a package name, filename, and
line number. If this function fails then no exporting will actually happen.
If the import is successful this will return true.
If the import is unsuccessful this will return false, and no modifications to
the symbol table will occur.
- $class->import(@imports)
If you write class intended to be used with [Importer](https://metacpan.org/pod/Importer), but also need to
provide a legacy `import()` method for direct consumers of your class, you can
import this `import()` method.
package My::Exporter;
# This will give you 'import()' much like 'use base "Exporter";'
use Importer 'Importer' => qw/import/;
...
# SOURCE
The source code repository for Importer can be found at
[http://github.com/exodist/Importer](http://github.com/exodist/Importer).
# MAINTAINERS
- Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
# AUTHORS
- Chad Granum <exodist@cpan.org>
# COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2015 Chad Granum <exodist7@gmail.com>.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
See [http://dev.perl.org/licenses/](http://dev.perl.org/licenses/)

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# This file is generated by Dist::Zilla::Plugin::CPANFile v6.015
# Do not edit this file directly. To change prereqs, edit the `dist.ini` file.
requires "perl" => "5.008001";
on 'test' => sub {
requires "Test::More" => "0.98";
};
on 'configure' => sub {
requires "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => "0";
};
on 'develop' => sub {
requires "Test::Pod" => "1.41";
};

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package Importer::Test;
use strict;
use warnings;
{
package main;
use Importer '0.001', 'Test::More';
}
use Importer 0.001, 'Test::More' => qw/0.88 pass ok $TODO/;
use Importer 'Data::Dumper';
pass("Loaded Test::More");
our $ok = 'ok';
our %ok = ( 1 => 1 );
our @ok = qw/o k/;
ok(1, "imported ok");
ok(eval '$TODO = undef; 1', '$TODO was imported') || Test::More::diag($@);
no Importer;
::ok(!__PACKAGE__->can($_), "removed sub $_") for qw/pass ok Dumper/;
::ok(eval '$TODO = undef; 1', '$TODO was not removed') || Test::More::diag($@);
::is($ok, 'ok', 'did not remove $ok');
::is_deeply(\%ok, {1 => 1}, 'Did not remove %ok' );
::is_deeply(\@ok, [qw/o k/], 'Did not remove @ok' );
::done_testing();

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use Test::More;
use strict;
use warnings;
BEGIN {
$INC{'My/Exporter/A.pm'} = __FILE__;
$INC{'My/Exporter/B.pm'} = __FILE__;
package My::Exporter::A;
our @EXPORT = qw/foo bar/;
our @EXPORT_OK = qw/baz bat/;
sub foo { 'foo' }
sub bar { 'bar' }
sub baz { 'baz' }
sub bat { 'bat' }
package My::Exporter::B;
our @EXPORT = qw/foo bar/;
our @EXPORT_OK = qw/baz bat/;
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
ALL => [qw/foo/],
);
sub foo { 'foo' }
sub bar { 'bar' }
sub baz { 'baz' }
sub bat { 'bat' }
}
subtest "define ALL tag if missing" => sub {
package Importer::A;
use Importer 'My::Exporter::A' => ':ALL';
main::can_ok(__PACKAGE__, qw/foo bar baz bar/);
};
subtest "do not override ALL tag if defined" => sub {
package Importer::B;
use Importer 'My::Exporter::B' => ':ALL';
main::can_ok(__PACKAGE__, qw/foo/);
main::ok(!__PACKAGE__->can($_), "Did not import $_") for qw/bar baz bat/;
};
done_testing;

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use strict;
use warnings;
use Test::More;
my @got;
BEGIN {
$INC{'FAIL.pm'} = 1;
package FAIL;
our @EXPORT = qw/foo $bar/;
our @EXPORT_FAIL = qw/foo $bar/;
sub export_fail {
@got = @_;
return();
}
}
use Importer FAIL => qw/&foo $bar/;
is_deeply(
\@got,
[qw/FAIL foo $bar/],
"'&' stripped from sub export"
);
done_testing;

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use strict;
use warnings;
use Test::More;
BEGIN {
$INC{'My/Exporter.pm'} = 1;
use Importer Importer => qw/import/;
our @EXPORT = qw/foo/;
sub foo { 'foo' }
}
use My::Exporter;
can_ok(__PACKAGE__, qw/foo/);
is(foo(), 'foo', "foo() imported");
done_testing;

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use strict;
use warnings;
use Importer 'Test::More';
BEGIN {
$INC{'Export/Tester.pm'} = 1;
package Export::Tester;
our @EXPORT = qw/foo bar bad/;
sub foo { 'foo' }
sub bar { 'bar' }
}
use Importer 'Export::Tester';
can_ok(__PACKAGE__, qw/foo bar/);
pass("Legacy, Exporter.pm allows you to list subs for export that are missing");
done_testing;

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