mirror of https://gitee.com/openkylin/cups.git
170 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
OpenPrinting CUPS v2.4.7
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========================
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[](https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/actions/workflows/build.yml)
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[](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/openprinting-cups)
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Introduction
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------------
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OpenPrinting CUPS is the most current version of CUPS, a standards-based, open
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source printing system for Linux® and other Unix®-like operating systems. CUPS
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supports printing to:
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- [AirPrint™][1] and [IPP Everywhere™][2] printers,
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- Network and local (USB) printers with Printer Applications, and
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- Network and local (USB) printers with (legacy) PPD-based printer drivers.
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CUPS provides the System V ("lp") and Berkeley ("lpr") command-line interfaces,
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a configurable web interface, a C API, and common print filters, drivers, and
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backends for printing. The [cups-filters][3] project provides additional
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filters and drivers.
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CUPS is licensed under the Apache License Version 2.0 with an exception to allow
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linking against GNU GPL2-only software. See the files `LICENSE` and `NOTICE`
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for more information.
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> Note: Apple maintains a separate repository for the CUPS that ships with macOS
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> and iOS at <https://github.com/apple/cups>.
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[1]: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201311
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[2]: https://www.pwg.org/ipp/everywhere.html
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[3]: https://github.com/openprinting/cups-filters
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Reading the Documentation
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-------------------------
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Initial documentation to get you started is provided in the root directory of
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the CUPS sources:
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- `CHANGES.md`: A list of changes in the current major release of CUPS.
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- `CONTRIBUTING.md`: Guidelines for contributing to the CUPS project.
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- `CREDITS.md`: A list of past contributors to the CUPS project.
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- `DEVELOPING.md`: Guidelines for developing code for the CUPS project.
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- `INSTALL.md`: Instructions for building and installing CUPS.
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- `LICENSE`: The CUPS license agreement (Apache 2.0).
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- `NOTICE`: Copyright notices and exceptions to the CUPS license agreement.
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- `README.md`: This file.
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- `REPORTING_ISSUES.md`: Instructions what information to provide when reporting an issue.
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Once you have installed the software you can access the documentation (and a
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bunch of other stuff) online at <http://localhost:631/> and using the `man`
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command, for example `man cups`.
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If you're having trouble getting that far, the documentation is located under
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the `doc/help` and `man` directories.
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*Please read the documentation before asking questions.*
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Setting Up Printers
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-------------------
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CUPS includes a web-based administration tool that allows you to manage
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printers, classes, and jobs on your server. Open <http://localhost:631/admin/>
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in your browser to access the printer administration tools. You will be asked
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for the administration password (root or any other user in the "sys", "system",
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"root", "admin", or "lpadmin" group on your system) when performing any
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administrative function.
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The `lpadmin` command is used to manage printers from the command-line. For
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example, the following command creates a print queue called "myprinter" for an
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IPP Everywhere printer at address "11.22.33.44":
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lpadmin -p myprinter -E -v "ipp://11.22.33.44/ipp/print" -m everywhere
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The `-p` option specifies the printer name. The `-E` option enables the printer
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and accepts new print jobs immediately. The `-v` option specifies the *device
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URI* for the printer, which tells CUPS how to communicate with the printer. And
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the `-m` option specifies the model (driver) to use, in this case the IPP
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Everywhere ("everywhere") driver that is used for AirPrint and IPP Everywhere
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printers as well as shared printers and printers supported through Printer
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Applications.
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Legacy printers are supported using PPD (PostScript Printer Description) files
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that describe printer capabilities and driver programs needed for each printer.
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CUPS includes several sample PPD files for common legacy printers:
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Driver | PPD Name
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-----------------------------|------------------------------
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Dymo Label Printers | drv:///sample.drv/dymo.ppd
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Intellitech Intellibar | drv:///sample.drv/intelbar.ppd
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EPSON 9-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson9.ppd
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EPSON 24-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson24.ppd
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Generic PCL Laser Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generpcl.ppd
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Generic PostScript Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generic.ppd
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HP DeskJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/deskjet.ppd
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HP LaserJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/laserjet.ppd
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OKIDATA 9-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidata9.ppd
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OKIDATA 24-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidat24.ppd
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Zebra CPCL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebracpl.ppd
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Zebra EPL1 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep1.ppd
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Zebra EPL2 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep2.ppd
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Zebra ZPL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebra.ppd
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The sample drivers provide basic printing capabilities, but generally do not
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exercise the full potential of the printers or CUPS. Other drivers provide
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greater printing capabilities.
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You can run the `lpinfo -m` command to list all of the available drivers:
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lpinfo -m
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Similarly, the `lpinfo -v` command lists the available printers and their device
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URIs:
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lpinfo -v
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Once you know the device URI and driver name, add the printer using the
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`lpadmin` command:
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lpadmin -p PRINTER-NAME -E -v "DEVICE-URI" -m DRIVER-NAME
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Printing Files
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--------------
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CUPS provides both the System V `lp` and Berkeley `lpr` commands for printing:
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lp FILENAME
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lpr FILENAME
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Both the `lp` and `lpr` commands support printing options:
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lp -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi FILENAME
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lpr -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi FILENAME
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CUPS recognizes many types of images files as well as PDF, PostScript, and text
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files, so you can print those files directly rather than through an application.
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If you have an application that generates output specifically for your printer
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then you need to use the `-oraw` or `-l` options:
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lp -o raw FILENAME
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lpr -l FILENAME
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This will prevent the filters from misinterpreting your print file.
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Legal Stuff
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-----------
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Copyright © 2020-2023 by OpenPrinting
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Copyright © 2007-2020 by Apple Inc.
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Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
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CUPS is provided under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 with
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exceptions for GPL2/LGPL2 software. A copy of this license can be found in the
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file `LICENSE`. Additional legal information is provided in the file `NOTICE`.
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
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under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
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CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
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specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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