mirror of https://gitee.com/openkylin/cups.git
171 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
171 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
README - CUPS v2.3.1 - 2019-12-13
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=================================
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INTRODUCTION
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------------
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CUPS is a standards-based, open source printing system developed by Apple Inc.
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for macOS® and other UNIX®-like operating systems. CUPS uses the Internet
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Printing Protocol ("IPP") and provides System V and Berkeley command-line
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interfaces, a web interface, and a C API to manage printers and print jobs. It
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supports printing to both local (parallel, serial, USB) and networked printers,
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and printers can be shared from one computer to another, even over the Internet!
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Internally, CUPS uses PostScript Printer Description ("PPD") files to describe
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printer capabilities and features and a wide variety of generic and device-
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specific programs to convert and print many types of files. Sample drivers are
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included with CUPS to support many Dymo, EPSON, HP, Intellitech, OKIDATA, and
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Zebra printers. Many more drivers are available online and (in some cases) on
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the driver CD-ROM that came with your printer.
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CUPS is licensed under the Apache License Version 2.0. See the file
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"LICENSE" for more information.
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READING THE DOCUMENTATION
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-------------------------
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Initial documentation to get you started is provided in the root directory of
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the CUPS sources:
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- `CHANGES.md`: A list of changes in the current major release of CUPS.
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- `CONTRIBUTING.md`: Guidelines for contributing to the CUPS project.
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- `CREDITS.md`: A list of past contributors to the CUPS project.
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- `DEVELOPING.md`: Guidelines for developing code for the CUPS project.
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- `INSTALL.md`: Instructions for building and installing CUPS.
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- `LICENSE`: The CUPS license agreement (Apache 2.0).
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- `NOTICE`: Copyright notices and exceptions to the CUPS license agreement.
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- `README.md`: This file.
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Once you have installed the software you can access the documentation (and a
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bunch of other stuff) online at <http://localhost:631/> and using the `man`
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command, for example `man cups`.
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If you're having trouble getting that far, the documentation is located under
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the `doc/help` and `man` directories.
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Please read the documentation before asking questions.
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GETTING SUPPORT AND OTHER RESOURCES
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-----------------------------------
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If you have problems, *read the documentation first!* We also provide two
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mailing lists which are available at <https://lists.cups.org/mailman/listinfo>.
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See the CUPS web site at <https://www.cups.org/> for other resources.
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SETTING UP PRINTER QUEUES USING YOUR WEB BROWSER
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------------------------------------------------
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CUPS includes a web-based administration tool that allows you to manage
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printers, classes, and jobs on your server. Open <http://localhost:631/admin/>
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in your browser to access the printer administration tools:
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*Do not* use the hostname for your machine - it will not work with the default
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CUPS configuration. To enable administration access on other addresses, check
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the `Allow Remote Administration` box and click on the `Change Settings` button.
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You will be asked for the administration password (root or any other user in the
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"sys", "system", "root", "admin", or "lpadmin" group on your system) when
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performing any administrative function.
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SETTING UP PRINTER QUEUES FROM THE COMMAND-LINE
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-----------------------------------------------
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CUPS currently uses PPD (PostScript Printer Description) files that describe
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printer capabilities and driver programs needed for each printer. The
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`everywhere` PPD is used for nearly all modern networks printers sold since
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about 2009. For example, the following command creates a print queue for a
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printer at address "11.22.33.44":
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v ipp://11.22.33.44/ipp/print -m everywhere
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CUPS also includes several sample PPD files you can use for "legacy" printers:
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Driver | PPD Name
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----------------------------- | ------------------------------
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Dymo Label Printers | drv:///sample.drv/dymo.ppd
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Intellitech Intellibar | drv:///sample.drv/intelbar.ppd
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EPSON 9-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson9.ppd
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EPSON 24-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson24.ppd
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Generic PCL Laser Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generpcl.ppd
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Generic PostScript Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generic.ppd
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HP DeskJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/deskjet.ppd
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HP LaserJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/laserjet.ppd
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OKIDATA 9-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidata9.ppd
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OKIDATA 24-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidat24.ppd
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Zebra CPCL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebracpl.ppd
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Zebra EPL1 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep1.ppd
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Zebra EPL2 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep2.ppd
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Zebra ZPL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebra.ppd
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You can run the `lpinfo -m` command to list all of the available drivers:
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lpinfo -m
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Run the `lpinfo -v` command to list the available printers:
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lpinfo -v
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Then use the correct URI to add the printer using the `lpadmin` command:
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v device-uri -m ppd-name
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Current network printers typically use `ipp` or `ipps` URIS:
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v ipp://11.22.33.44/ipp/print -m everywhere
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v ipps://11.22.33.44/ipp/print -m everywhere
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Older network printers typically use `socket` or `lpd` URIs:
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v socket://11.22.33.44 -m ppd-name
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lpadmin -p printername -E -v lpd://11.22.33.44/ -m ppd-name
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The sample drivers provide basic printing capabilities, but generally do not
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exercise the full potential of the printers or CUPS. Other drivers provide
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greater printing capabilities.
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PRINTING FILES
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--------------
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CUPS provides both the System V `lp` and Berkeley `lpr` commands for printing:
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lp filename
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lpr filename
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Both the `lp` and `lpr` commands support printing options for the driver:
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lp -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi filename
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lpr -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi filename
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CUPS recognizes many types of images files as well as PDF, PostScript, and text
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files, so you can print those files directly rather than through an application.
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If you have an application that generates output specifically for your printer
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then you need to use the `-oraw` or `-l` options:
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lp -o raw filename
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lpr -l filename
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This will prevent the filters from misinterpreting your print file.
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LEGAL STUFF
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-----------
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Copyright © 2007-2019 by Apple Inc.
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Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
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CUPS is provided under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 with
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exceptions for GPL2/LGPL2 software. A copy of this license can be found in the
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file `LICENSE`. Additional legal information is provided in the file `NOTICE`.
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
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under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
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CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
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specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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