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carla/Docs/how_to_model_vehicles.md

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How to model vehicles

4-Wheeled Vehicles

Modelling

Vehicles must have a minimum of 10.000 and a maximum of 17.000 Tris approximately. We model the vehicles using the size and scale of actual cars. The bottom part of the vehicle consists of a plane adjusted to the Bodywork.

The vehicle must be divided in 6 materials:

  1. BodyWork: The Bodywork includes the chassis, doors, car handle, and front and back parts of the vehicle. The BodyWork material is controlled by Unreal Engine. You can add logos and some details, but remember, all the details will be painted by Unreal using the same color. Use the alpha channel if you want to paint details with a different color.

  2. Wheels: Model the Wheels with hubcaps and add details to the tire with Substance. In the UV, add the tires and the hubcaps separately.

  3. Interior: The Interior includes the seats, the steering wheel, and the bottom of the vehicle. You don’t need to add much detail here.

  4. Details: Lights, logos, exhaust pipes, protections, and grille.

  5. Glass: Light glasses, windows, etc. This material is controlled by Unreal.

  6. LicencePlate: Put a rectangular plane with this size 29-12 cm, for the licence Plate. We assign the license plate texture.

Nomenclature of Material

  • M(Material)_"CarName"_Bodywork(part of car)

  • M_"CarName"_Wheel

  • M_"CarName"_Interior

  • M_"CarName"_Details

  • M_"CarName"_Glass

  • M_"CarName"_LicencePlate

Textures

The size of the textures is 2048x2048.

  • T_"CarName"_PartOfMaterial_d (BaseColor)

  • T_"CarName"_PartOfMaterial_n (Normal)

  • T_"CarName"_PartOfMaterial_orm (OcclusionRoughnessMetallic)

  • EXEMPLE: Type of car Tesla Model 3

TEXTURES

  • T_Tesla3_BodyWork_d
  • T_Tesla3_BodyWork_n
  • T_Tesla3_BodyWork_orm

MATERIAL

  • M_Tesla3_BodyWork

RIG

The easiest way is to copy the "General4WheeledVehicleSkeleton" present in our project, either by exporting it and copying it to your model or by creating your skeleton using the same bone names and orientation.

The model and every bone must be oriented towards positive X axis with the Z axis facing upwards.

Bone Setup:

Vhehicle_Base: The origin point of the mesh, place it in the point (0,0,0) of the scene.

  • Wheel_Front_Left: Set the joint's position in the middle of the Wheel.

  • Wheel_Front_Right: Set the joint's position in the middle of the Wheel.

  • Wheel_Rear_Left: Set the joint's position in the middle of the Wheel.

  • Wheel_Rear_Left: Set the joint's position in the middle of the Wheel.

LODs

All vehicle LODs must be made in Maya or other 3D software. Because Unreal does not generate LODs automatically, you can adjust the number of Tris to make a smooth transitions between levels.

  • Level 0 - Original

  • Level 1 - Deleted 2.000/2.500 Tris (Do not delete the interior and steering wheel)

  • Level 2 - Deleted 2.000/2.500 Tris (Do not delete the interior)

  • Level 3 - Deleted 2.000/2.500 Tris (Delete the interior)

  • Level 4 - Simple shape of a vehicle.