memcg_propagate_slab_attrs() abuses the sysfs attribute file functions
to propagate settings from the root kmem_cache to a newly created
kmem_cache. It does that with:
attr->show(root, buf);
attr->store(new, buf, strlen(bug);
Aside of being a lazy and absurd hackery this is broken because it does
not check the return value of the show() function.
Some of the show() functions return 0 w/o touching the buffer. That
means in such a case the store function is called with the stale content
of the previous show(). That causes nonsense like invoking
kmem_cache_shrink() on a newly created kmem_cache. In the worst case it
would cause handing in an uninitialized buffer.
This should be rewritten proper by adding a propagate() callback to
those slub_attributes which must be propagated and avoid that insane
conversion to and from ASCII, but that's too large for a hot fix.
Check at least the return value of the show() function, so calling
store() with stale content is prevented.
Steven said:
"It can cause a deadlock with get_online_cpus() that has been uncovered
by recent cpu hotplug and lockdep changes that Thomas and Peter have
been doing.
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(cpu_hotplug.lock);
lock(slab_mutex);
lock(cpu_hotplug.lock);
lock(slab_mutex);
*** DEADLOCK ***"
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1705201244540.2255@nanos
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit db2aa7fd15 ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded
initram compression algorithm") introduced the possibility to select the
initramfs compression algorithm from Kconfig and while this is a nice
feature it broke the use case described below.
Here is what my build system does:
- kernel is initially configured not to have an initramfs included
- build the user space root file system
- re-configure the kernel to have an initramfs included
(CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/path/to/romfs") and set relevant
CONFIG_INITRAMFS options, in my case, no compression option
(CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE)
- kernel is re-built with these options -> kernel+initramfs image is
copied
- kernel is re-built again without these options -> kernel image is
copied
Building a kernel without an initramfs means setting this option:
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="" (and this one only)
whereas building a kernel with an initramfs means setting these options:
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/romfs /home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/misc/initramfs.dev"
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID=1000
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=1000
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE=y
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION=""
Commit db2aa7fd15 ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded
initram compression algorithm") is problematic because
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION which is used to determine the
initramfs_data.cpio extension/compression is a string, and due to how
Kconfig works it will evaluate in order, how to assign it.
Setting CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE with CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""
cannot possibly work (because of the depends on INITRAMFS_SOURCE!=""
imposed on CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION ) yet we still get
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION assigned to ".gz" because CONFIG_RD_GZIP=y
is set in my kernel, even when there is no initramfs being built.
So we basically end-up generating two initramfs_data.cpio* files, one
without extension, and one with .gz. This causes usr/Makefile to track
usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz, and not usr/initramfs_data.cpio anymore,
that is also largely problematic after 9e3596b0c6 ("kbuild:
initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig") because we used to track
all possible initramfs_data files in the $(targets) variable before that
commit.
The end result is that the kernel with an initramfs clearly does not
contain what we expect it to, it has a stale initramfs_data.cpio file
built into it, and we keep re-generating an initramfs_data.cpio.gz file
which is not the one that we want to include in the kernel image proper.
The fix consists in hiding CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION when
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="". This puts us back in a state to the
pre-4.10 behavior where we can properly disable and re-enable initramfs
within the same kernel .config file, and be in control of what
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION is set to.
Fixes: db2aa7fd15 ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded initram compression algorithm")
Fixes: 9e3596b0c6 ("kbuild: initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170521033337.6197-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While converting drm_[cm]alloc* helpers to kvmalloc* variants Chris
Wilson has wondered why we want to try kmalloc before vmalloc fallback
even for larger allocations requests. Let's clarify that one larger
physically contiguous block is less likely to fragment memory than many
scattered pages which can prevent more large blocks from being created.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170517080932.21423-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 7c30f352c8 ("jiffies.h: declare jiffies and jiffies_64 with
____cacheline_aligned_in_smp") removed a section specification from the
jiffies declaration that caused conflicts on some platforms.
Unfortunately this change broke the build for frv:
kernel/built-in.o: In function `__do_softirq': (.text+0x6460): relocation truncated to fit: R_FRV_GPREL12 against symbol
`jiffies' defined in *ABS* section in .tmp_vmlinux1
kernel/built-in.o: In function `__do_softirq': (.text+0x6574): relocation truncated to fit: R_FRV_GPREL12 against symbol
`jiffies' defined in *ABS* section in .tmp_vmlinux1
kernel/built-in.o: In function `pwq_activate_delayed_work': workqueue.c:(.text+0x15b9c): relocation truncated to fit: R_FRV_GPREL12 against
symbol `jiffies' defined in *ABS* section in .tmp_vmlinux1
...
Add __jiffy_arch_data to the declaration of jiffies and use it on frv to
include the section specification. For all other platforms
__jiffy_arch_data (currently) has no effect.
Fixes: 7c30f352c8 ("jiffies.h: declare jiffies and jiffies_64 with ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170516221333.177280-1-mka@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Sudip Mukherjee <sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Igor Stoppa has noticed that __GFP_NOLOCKDEP can use a lower bit. At
the time commit 7e7844226f ("lockdep: allow to disable reclaim lockup
detection") was written we still had __GFP_OTHER_NODE but I have removed
it in commit 41b6167e8f ("mm: get rid of __GFP_OTHER_NODE") and forgot
to lower the bit value.
The current value is outside of __GFP_BITS_SHIFT so it cannot be used
actually.
Fixes: 7e7844226f ("lockdep: allow to disable reclaim lockup detection")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Igor Stoppa <igor.stoppa@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"err" needs to be left set to -EFAULT if split_huge_page succeeds.
Otherwise if "err" gets clobbered with zero and write_protect_page
fails, try_to_merge_one_page() will succeed instead of returning -EFAULT
and then try_to_merge_with_ksm_page() will continue thinking kpage is a
PageKsm when in fact it's still an anonymous page. Eventually it'll
crash in page_add_anon_rmap.
This has been reproduced on Fedora25 kernel but I can reproduce with
upstream too.
The bug was introduced in commit f765f54059 ("ksm: prepare to new THP
semantics") introduced in v4.5.
page:fffff67546ce1cc0 count:4 mapcount:2 mapping:ffffa094551e36e1 index:0x7f0f46673
flags: 0x2ffffc0004007c(referenced|uptodate|dirty|lru|active|swapbacked)
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page))
page->mem_cgroup:ffffa09674bf0000
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/rmap.c:1222!
CPU: 1 PID: 76 Comm: ksmd Not tainted 4.9.3-200.fc25.x86_64 #1
RIP: do_page_add_anon_rmap+0x1c4/0x240
Call Trace:
page_add_anon_rmap+0x18/0x20
try_to_merge_with_ksm_page+0x50b/0x780
ksm_scan_thread+0x1211/0x1410
? prepare_to_wait_event+0x100/0x100
? try_to_merge_with_ksm_page+0x780/0x780
kthread+0xd9/0xf0
? kthread_park+0x60/0x60
ret_from_fork+0x25/0x30
Fixes: f765f54059 ("ksm: prepare to new THP semantics")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170513131040.21732-1-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Federico Simoncelli <fsimonce@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This contains the fixes for a few reported regression for HD-audio and
USB-audio. All small, trivial, and boring.
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Merge tag 'sound-4.12-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound
Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
"This contains the fixes for a few reported regression for HD-audio and
USB-audio. All small, trivial, and boring"
* tag 'sound-4.12-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
ALSA: hda - Fix applying MSI dual-codec mobo quirk
ALSA: usb: Avoid VLA in mixer_us16x08.c
ALSA: usb: Fix a typo in Tascam US-16x08 mixer element
Revert "ALSA: usb-audio: purge needless variable length array"
A bit largish fixes for dmaengine driver's fixing
- mv_xor_v2 driver for handling descriptors, tx_submit implementation,
removing interrupt coalescing and setting DMA mask properly
- usb-dmac DMAOR AE bit definition
- ep93xx start buffer from BASE0 and not drain the transfers in
terminate_all
- rcar-dmac use right descriptor pointer for residue calculation
- pl330 fix warn for irq freeup
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Merge tag 'dmaengine-fix-4.12-rc4' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma
Pull dmaengine fixes from Vinod Koul:
"Here is the dmaengine fixes request for 4.12. Fixes bunch of issues in
the driver, npthing exciting though..
- mv_xor_v2 driver fixes for handling descriptors, tx_submit
implementation, removing interrupt coalescing and setting DMA mask
properly
- fix usb-dmac DMAOR AE bit definition
- fix ep93xx start buffer from BASE0 and not drain the transfers in
terminate_all
- fix rcar-dmac to use right descriptor pointer for residue
calculation
- pl330 fix warn for irq freeup"
* tag 'dmaengine-fix-4.12-rc4' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma:
dmaengine: pl330: fix warning in pl330_remove
rcar-dmac: fixup descriptor pointer for descriptor mode
dmaengine: ep93xx: Don't drain the transfers in terminate_all()
dmaengine: ep93xx: Always start from BASE0
dmaengine: usb-dmac: Fix DMAOR AE bit definition
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: set DMA mask to 40 bits
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: remove interrupt coalescing
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: fix tx_submit() implementation
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: enable XOR engine after its configuration
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: do not use descriptors not acked by async_tx
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: properly handle wrapping in the array of HW descriptors
dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: handle mv_xor_v2_prep_sw_desc() error properly
Pull HID fixes from Jiri Kosina:
- corner-case oops fixes for Asus and Wacom drivers from Carlo Caione
and Jason Gerecke
- power management fix (reported on SIS0817 touchscreen) for i2c-hid
devices from Hans de Goede
- device-id-specific fixes and quirks from Hans de Goede, Diego Elio
Pettenò and Che-Liang Chiou
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid:
HID: asus: Stop underlying hardware on remove
HID: i2c: Call acpi_device_fix_up_power for ACPI-enumerated devices
HID: asus: Add support for T100 keyboard
HID: elecom: extend to fix the descriptor for DEFT trackballs
HID: magicmouse: Set multi-touch keybits for Magic Mouse
HID: wacom: Have wacom_tpc_irq guard against possible NULL dereference
Pull livepatching fix from Jiri Kosina:
"Kconfig dependency fix for livepatching infrastructure from Miroslav
Benes"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching:
livepatch: Make livepatch dependent on !TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Misc fixes:
- revert a broken PAT commit that broke a number of systems
- fix two preemptability warnings/bugs that can trigger under certain
circumstances, in the debug code and in the microcode loader"
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Revert "x86/PAT: Fix Xorg regression on CPUs that don't support PAT"
x86/debug/32: Convert a smp_processor_id() call to raw to avoid DEBUG_PREEMPT warning
x86/microcode/AMD: Change load_microcode_amd()'s param to bool to fix preemptibility bug
Pull EFI fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Misc fixes:
- three boot crash fixes for uncommon configurations
- silence a boot warning under virtualization
- plus a GCC 7 related (harmless) build warning fix"
* 'efi-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efi/bgrt: Skip efi_bgrt_init() in case of non-EFI boot
x86/efi: Correct EFI identity mapping under 'efi=old_map' when KASLR is enabled
x86/efi: Disable runtime services on kexec kernel if booted with efi=old_map
efi: Remove duplicate 'const' specifiers
efi: Don't issue error message when booted under Xen
We are missing a call to hid_hw_stop() on the remove hook.
Among other things this is causing an Oops when (re-)starting GNOME /
upowerd / ... after the module has been already rmmod-ed.
Signed-off-by: Carlo Caione <carlo@endlessm.com>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
When removing a device with less than 9 IRQs (AMBA_NR_IRQS), we'll get a
big WARN_ON from devres.c because pl330_remove calls devm_free_irqs for
unallocated irqs. Similarly to pl330_probe, check that IRQ number is
present before calling devm_free_irq.
Signed-off-by: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe.brucker@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
fix a crash that was likely a result of buggy client behavior.
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Merge tag 'nfsd-4.12-1' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux
Pull nfsd fixes from Bruce Fields:
"Revert patch accidentally included in the merge window pull request,
and fix a crash that was likely a result of buggy client behavior"
* tag 'nfsd-4.12-1' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux:
nfsd4: fix null dereference on replay
nfsd: Revert "nfsd: check for oversized NFSv2/v3 arguments"
Use ERR_CAST() to avoid cross-structure cast in ocf2, ntfs, and NFS.
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Merge tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.12-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull gcc-plugin prepwork from Kees Cook:
"Use designated initializers for mtk-vcodec, powerplay, amdgpu, and
sgi-xp. Use ERR_CAST() to avoid cross-structure cast in ocf2, ntfs,
and NFS.
Christoph Hellwig recommended that I send these fixes now, rather than
waiting for the v4.13 merge window. These are all initializer and cast
fixes needed for the future randstruct plugin that haven't been picked
up by the respective maintainers"
* tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.12-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
mtk-vcodec: Use designated initializers
drm/amd/powerplay: Use designated initializers
drm/amdgpu: Use designated initializers
sgi-xp: Use designated initializers
ocfs2: Use ERR_CAST() to avoid cross-structure cast
ntfs: Use ERR_CAST() to avoid cross-structure cast
NFS: Use ERR_CAST() to avoid cross-structure cast
Pull Reiserfs and GFS2 fixes from Jan Kara:
"Fixes to GFS2 & Reiserfs for the fallout of the recent WRITE_FUA
cleanup from Christoph.
Fixes for other filesystems were already merged by respective
maintainers."
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
reiserfs: Make flush bios explicitely sync
gfs2: Make flush bios explicitely sync
Pull SCSI target fixes from Nicholas Bellinger:
"Here are the target-pending fixes for v4.12-rc4:
- ibmviscsis ABORT_TASK handling fixes that missed the v4.12 merge
window. (Bryant Ly and Michael Cyr)
- Re-add a target-core check enforcing WRITE overflow reject that was
relaxed in v4.3, to avoid unsupported iscsi-target immediate data
overflow. (nab)
- Fix a target-core-user OOPs during device removal. (MNC + Bryant
Ly)
- Fix a long standing iscsi-target potential issue where kthread exit
did not wait for kthread_should_stop(). (Jiang Yi)
- Fix a iscsi-target v3.12.y regression OOPs involving initial login
PDU processing during asynchronous TCP connection close. (MNC +
nab)
This is a little larger than usual for an -rc4, primarily due to the
iscsi-target v3.12.y regression OOPs bug-fix.
However, it's an important patch as MNC + Hannes where both able to
trigger it using a reduced iscsi initiator login timeout combined with
a backend taking a long time to complete I/Os during iscsi login
driven session reinstatement"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nab/target-pending:
iscsi-target: Always wait for kthread_should_stop() before kthread exit
iscsi-target: Fix initial login PDU asynchronous socket close OOPs
tcmu: fix crash during device removal
target: Re-add check to reject control WRITEs with overflow data
ibmvscsis: Fix the incorrect req_lim_delta
ibmvscsis: Clear left-over abort_cmd pointers
This reverts commit cbed27cdf0.
As Andy Lutomirski observed:
"I think this patch is bogus. pat_enabled() sure looks like it's
supposed to return true if PAT is *enabled*, and these days PAT is
'enabled' even if there's no HW PAT support."
Reported-by: Bernhard Held <berny156@gmx.de>
Reported-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.2+
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When spin_lock_irqsave() deadlock occurs inside the guest, vcpu threads,
other than the lock-holding one, would enter into S state because of
pvspinlock. Then inject NMI via libvirt API "inject-nmi", the NMI could
not be injected into vm.
The reason is:
1 It sets nmi_queued to 1 when calling ioctl KVM_NMI in qemu, and sets
cpu->kvm_vcpu_dirty to true in do_inject_external_nmi() meanwhile.
2 It sets nmi_queued to 0 in process_nmi(), before entering guest, because
cpu->kvm_vcpu_dirty is true.
It's not enough just to check nmi_queued to decide whether to stay in
vcpu_block() or not. NMI should be injected immediately at any situation.
Add checking nmi_pending, and testing KVM_REQ_NMI replaces nmi_queued
in vm_vcpu_has_events().
Do the same change for SMIs.
Signed-off-by: Zhuang Yanying <ann.zhuangyanying@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This is a fix for the problem [1], where VMCB.CPL was set to 0 and interrupt
was taken on userspace stack. The root cause lies in the specific AMD CPU
behaviour which manifests itself as unusable segment attributes on SYSRET.
The corresponding work around for the kernel is the following:
61f01dd941 ("x86_64, asm: Work around AMD SYSRET SS descriptor attribute issue")
In other turn virtualization side treated unusable segment incorrectly and
restored CPL from SS attributes, which were zeroed out few lines above.
In current patch it is assured only that P bit is cleared in VMCB.save state
and segment attributes are not zeroed out if segment is not presented or is
unusable, therefore CPL can be safely restored from DPL field.
This is only one part of the fix, since QEMU side should be fixed accordingly
not to zero out attributes on its side. Corresponding patch will follow.
[1] Message id: CAJrWOzD6Xq==b-zYCDdFLgSRMPM-NkNuTSDFEtX=7MreT45i7Q@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <roman.penyaev@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Sennikovskii <mikhail.sennikovskii@profitbricks.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim KrÄmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The previous commit [63691587f7b0: ALSA: hda - Apply dual-codec quirk
for MSI Z270-Gaming mobo] attempted to apply the existing dual-codec
quirk for a MSI mobo. But it turned out that this isn't applied
properly due to the MSI-vendor quirk before this entry. I overlooked
such two MSI entries just because they were put in the wrong position,
although we have a list ordered by PCI SSID numbers.
This patch fixes it by rearranging the unordered entries.
Fixes: 63691587f7 ("ALSA: hda - Apply dual-codec quirk for MSI Z270-Gaming mobo")
Reported-by: Rudolf Schmidt <info@rudolfschmidt.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Merge tag 'drm-fixes-for-v4.12-rc4' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux
Pull drm fixes from Dave Airlie:
"This is the main set of fixes for rc4, one amdgpu fix, some exynos
regression fixes, some msm fixes and some i915 and GVT fixes.
I've got a second regression fix for some DP chips that might be a
bit large, but I think we'd like to land it now, I'll send it along
tomorrow, once you are happy with this set"
* tag 'drm-fixes-for-v4.12-rc4' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (24 commits)
drm/amdgpu: Program ring for vce instance 1 at its register space
drm/exynos: clean up description of exynos_drm_crtc
drm/exynos: dsi: Remove bridge node reference in removal
drm/exynos: dsi: Fix the parse_dt function
drm/exynos: Merge pre/postclose hooks
drm/msm: Fix the check for the command size
drm/msm: Take the mutex before calling msm_gem_new_impl
drm/msm: for array in-fences, check if all backing fences are from our own context before waiting
drm/msm: constify irq_domain_ops
drm/msm/mdp5: release hwpipe(s) for unused planes
drm/msm: Reuse dma_fence_release.
drm/msm: Expose our reservation object when exporting a dmabuf.
drm/msm/gpu: check legacy clk names in get_clocks()
drm/msm/mdp5: use __drm_atomic_helper_plane_duplicate_state()
drm/msm: select PM_OPP
drm/i915: Stop pretending to mask/unmask LPE audio interrupts
drm/i915/selftests: Silence compiler warning in igt_ctx_exec
Revert "drm/i915: Restore lost "Initialized i915" welcome message"
drm/i915/gvt: clean up unsubmited workloads before destroying kmem cache
drm/i915/gvt: Disable compression workaround for Gen9
...
- Remove preclose hook of Exynos
. This was a exynos change of the patch series[1] merged already.
- Fix one dt broken issue
- Make sure to release bridge_node of Exynos MIPI-DSI driver.
[1] https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel/2017-March/135111.html
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Merge tag 'exynos-drm-fixes-for-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/daeinki/drm-exynos into drm-fixes
- Fix a regression to description of exynos_drm_crtc
- Remove preclose hook of Exynos
. This was a exynos change of the patch series[1] merged already.
- Fix one dt broken issue
- Make sure to release bridge_node of Exynos MIPI-DSI driver.
[1] https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel/2017-March/135111.html
* tag 'exynos-drm-fixes-for-v4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/daeinki/drm-exynos:
drm/exynos: clean up description of exynos_drm_crtc
drm/exynos: dsi: Remove bridge node reference in removal
drm/exynos: dsi: Fix the parse_dt function
drm/exynos: Merge pre/postclose hooks
a few fixes for 4.12..
* 'msm-fixes-4.12-rc4' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~robclark/linux:
drm/msm: Fix the check for the command size
drm/msm: Take the mutex before calling msm_gem_new_impl
drm/msm: for array in-fences, check if all backing fences are from our own context before waiting
drm/msm: constify irq_domain_ops
drm/msm/mdp5: release hwpipe(s) for unused planes
drm/msm: Reuse dma_fence_release.
drm/msm: Expose our reservation object when exporting a dmabuf.
drm/msm/gpu: check legacy clk names in get_clocks()
drm/msm/mdp5: use __drm_atomic_helper_plane_duplicate_state()
drm/msm: select PM_OPP
drm/i915 fixes for v4.12-rc4
* tag 'drm-intel-fixes-2017-05-29' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/drm-intel:
drm/i915: Stop pretending to mask/unmask LPE audio interrupts
drm/i915/selftests: Silence compiler warning in igt_ctx_exec
Revert "drm/i915: Restore lost "Initialized i915" welcome message"
drm/i915/gvt: clean up unsubmited workloads before destroying kmem cache
drm/i915/gvt: Disable compression workaround for Gen9
drm/i915: set initialised only when init_context callback is NULL
drm/i915: Fix new -Wint-in-bool-context gcc compiler warning
drm/i915: use vma->size for appgtt allocate_va_range
drm/i915: Do not sync RCU during shrinking
There are three timing problems in the kthread usages of iscsi_target_mod:
- np_thread of struct iscsi_np
- rx_thread and tx_thread of struct iscsi_conn
In iscsit_close_connection(), it calls
send_sig(SIGINT, conn->tx_thread, 1);
kthread_stop(conn->tx_thread);
In conn->tx_thread, which is iscsi_target_tx_thread(), when it receive
SIGINT the kthread will exit without checking the return value of
kthread_should_stop().
So if iscsi_target_tx_thread() exit right between send_sig(SIGINT...)
and kthread_stop(...), the kthread_stop() will try to stop an already
stopped kthread.
This is invalid according to the documentation of kthread_stop().
(Fix -ECONNRESET logout handling in iscsi_target_tx_thread and
early iscsi_target_rx_thread failure case - nab)
Signed-off-by: Jiang Yi <jiangyilism@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.12+
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
This patch fixes a OOPs originally introduced by:
commit bb048357da
Author: Nicholas Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
Date: Thu Sep 5 14:54:04 2013 -0700
iscsi-target: Add sk->sk_state_change to cleanup after TCP failure
which would trigger a NULL pointer dereference when a TCP connection
was closed asynchronously via iscsi_target_sk_state_change(), but only
when the initial PDU processing in iscsi_target_do_login() from iscsi_np
process context was blocked waiting for backend I/O to complete.
To address this issue, this patch makes the following changes.
First, it introduces some common helper functions used for checking
socket closing state, checking login_flags, and atomically checking
socket closing state + setting login_flags.
Second, it introduces a LOGIN_FLAGS_INITIAL_PDU bit to know when a TCP
connection has dropped via iscsi_target_sk_state_change(), but the
initial PDU processing within iscsi_target_do_login() in iscsi_np
context is still running. For this case, it sets LOGIN_FLAGS_CLOSED,
but doesn't invoke schedule_delayed_work().
The original NULL pointer dereference case reported by MNC is now handled
by iscsi_target_do_login() doing a iscsi_target_sk_check_close() before
transitioning to FFP to determine when the socket has already closed,
or iscsi_target_start_negotiation() if the login needs to exchange
more PDUs (eg: iscsi_target_do_login returned 0) but the socket has
closed. For both of these cases, the cleanup up of remaining connection
resources will occur in iscsi_target_start_negotiation() from iscsi_np
process context once the failure is detected.
Finally, to handle to case where iscsi_target_sk_state_change() is
called after the initial PDU procesing is complete, it now invokes
conn->login_work -> iscsi_target_do_login_rx() to perform cleanup once
existing iscsi_target_sk_check_close() checks detect connection failure.
For this case, the cleanup of remaining connection resources will occur
in iscsi_target_do_login_rx() from delayed workqueue process context
once the failure is detected.
Reported-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Cc: Varun Prakash <varun@chelsio.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.12+
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
We need program ring buffer on instance 1 register space domain,
when only if instance 1 available, with two instances or instance 0,
and we need only program instance 0 regsiter space domain for ring.
Signed-off-by: Leo Liu <leo.liu@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
Pull overlayfs fixes from Miklos Szeredi:
"Fix regressions:
- missing CONFIG_EXPORTFS dependency
- failure if upper fs doesn't support xattr
- bad error cleanup
This also adds the concept of "impure" directories complementing the
"origin" marking introduced in -rc1. Together they enable getting
consistent st_ino and d_ino for directory listings.
And there's a bug fix and a cleanup as well"
* 'overlayfs-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/vfs:
ovl: filter trusted xattr for non-admin
ovl: mark upper merge dir with type origin entries "impure"
ovl: mark upper dir with type origin entries "impure"
ovl: remove unused arg from ovl_lookup_temp()
ovl: handle rename when upper doesn't support xattr
ovl: don't fail copy-up if upper doesn't support xattr
ovl: check on mount time if upper fs supports setting xattr
ovl: fix creds leak in copy up error path
ovl: select EXPORTFS
This is another attempt to work around the VLA used in
mixer_us16x08.c. Basically the temporary array is used individually
for two cases, and we can declare locally in each block, instead of
hackish max() usage.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
A mixer element created in a quirk for Tascam US-16x08 contains a
typo: it should be "EQ MidLow Q" instead of "EQ MidQLow Q".
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195875
Fixes: d2bb390a20 ("ALSA: usb-audio: Tascam US-16x08 DSP mixer quirk")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.11+
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This reverts commit 89b593c30e ("ALSA: usb-audio: purge needless
variable length array"). The patch turned out to cause a severe
regression, triggering an Oops at snd_usb_ctl_msg(). It was overseen
that snd_usb_ctl_msg() writes back the response to the given buffer,
while the patch changed it to a read-only const buffer. (One should
always double-check when an extra pointer cast is present...)
As a simple fix, just revert the affected commit. It was merely a
cleanup. Although it brings VLA again, it's clearer as a fix. We'll
address the VLA later in another patch.
Fixes: 89b593c30e ("ALSA: usb-audio: purge needless variable length array")
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195875
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.11+
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This effectively reverts commit 8ee74a91ac ("proc: try to remove use
of FOLL_FORCE entirely")
It turns out that people do depend on FOLL_FORCE for the /proc/<pid>/mem
case, and we're talking not just debuggers. Talking to the affected people, the use-cases are:
Keno Fischer:
"We used these semantics as a hardening mechanism in the julia JIT. By
opening /proc/self/mem and using these semantics, we could avoid
needing RWX pages, or a dual mapping approach. We do have fallbacks to
these other methods (though getting EIO here actually causes an assert
in released versions - we'll updated that to make sure to take the
fall back in that case).
Nevertheless the /proc/self/mem approach was our favored approach
because it a) Required an attacker to be able to execute syscalls
which is a taller order than getting memory write and b) didn't double
the virtual address space requirements (as a dual mapping approach
would).
I think in general this feature is very useful for anybody who needs
to precisely control the execution of some other process. Various
debuggers (gdb/lldb/rr) certainly fall into that category, but there's
another class of such processes (wine, various emulators) which may
want to do that kind of thing.
Now, I suspect most of these will have the other process under ptrace
control, so maybe allowing (same_mm || ptraced) would be ok, but at
least for the sandbox/remote-jit use case, it would be perfectly
reasonable to not have the jit server be a ptracer"
Robert O'Callahan:
"We write to readonly code and data mappings via /proc/.../mem in lots
of different situations, particularly when we're adjusting program
state during replay to match the recorded execution.
Like Julia, we can add workarounds, but they could be expensive."
so not only do people use FOLL_FORCE for both reads and writes, but they
use it for both the local mm and remote mm.
With these comments in mind, we likely also cannot add the "are we
actively ptracing" check either, so this keeps the new code organization
and does not do a real revert that would add back the original comment
about "Maybe we should limit FOLL_FORCE to actual ptrace users?"
Reported-by: Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Reported-by: Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 19bca6ab75 ("KVM: SVM: Fix cross vendor migration issue with
unusable bit") added checking type when setting unusable.
So unusable can be set if present is 0 OR type is 0.
According to the AMD processor manual, long mode ignores the type value
in segment descriptor. And type can be 0 if it is read-only data segment.
Therefore type value is not related to unusable flag.
This patch is based on linux-next v4.12.0-rc3.
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
kvm_skip_emulated_instruction() will return 0 if userspace is
single-stepping the guest.
kvm_skip_emulated_instruction() uses return status convention of exit
handler: 0 means "exit to userspace" and 1 means "continue vm entries".
The problem is that nested_vmx_check_vmptr() return status means
something else: 0 is ok, 1 is error.
This means we would continue executing after a failure. Static checker
noticed it because vmptr was not initialized.
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Fixes: 6affcbedca ("KVM: x86: Add kvm_skip_emulated_instruction and use it.")
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
In descriptor mode, the descriptor running pointer is not maintained
by the interrupt handler, thus, driver finds the running descriptor
from the descriptor pointer field in the CHCRB register.
But, CHCRB::DPTR indicates *next* descriptor pointer, not current.
Thus, The residue calculation will be missed. This patch fixup it.
Signed-off-by: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
- Make a few Intel Chromebooks with Cherryview DMI firmware
work smoothly.
- A fix for some bogus allocations in the generic group
management code.
- Some GPIO descriptor lookup table stubs. Merged through
the pin control tree for administrative reasons.
- Revert the "bi-directional" and "output-enable" generic
properties: we need more discussions around this. It seems
other SoCs are using input/output gate enablement and these
terms are not correct.
- Fix mux and drive strength atomically in the MXS driver.
- Fix the SPDIF function on sunxi A83T.
- OF table terminators and other small fixes.
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Merge tag 'pinctrl-v4.12-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl
Pull pin control fixes from Linus Walleij:
"Here is an overdue pull request for pin control fixes, the most
prominent feature is to make Intel Chromebooks (and I suspect any
other Cherryview-based Intel thing) happy again, which we really want
to see.
There is a patch hitting drivers/firmware/* that I was uncertain to
who actually manages, but I got Andy Shevchenko's and Dmitry Torokov's
review tags on it and I trust them both 100% to do the right thing for
Intel platform drivers.
Summary:
- Make a few Intel Chromebooks with Cherryview DMI firmware work
smoothly.
- A fix for some bogus allocations in the generic group management
code.
- Some GPIO descriptor lookup table stubs. Merged through the pin
control tree for administrative reasons.
- Revert the "bi-directional" and "output-enable" generic properties:
we need more discussions around this. It seems other SoCs are using
input/output gate enablement and these terms are not correct.
- Fix mux and drive strength atomically in the MXS driver.
- Fix the SPDIF function on sunxi A83T.
- OF table terminators and other small fixes"
* tag 'pinctrl-v4.12-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl:
pinctrl: sunxi: Fix SPDIF function name for A83T
pinctrl: mxs: atomically switch mux and drive strength config
pinctrl: cherryview: Extend the Chromebook DMI quirk to Intel_Strago systems
firmware: dmi: Add DMI_PRODUCT_FAMILY identification string
pinctrl: core: Fix warning by removing bogus code
gpiolib: Add stubs for gpiod lookup table interface
Revert "pinctrl: generic: Add bi-directional and output-enable"
pinctrl: cherryview: Add terminate entry for dmi_system_id tables
This fixes a regression in commit 4d6501dce0 where I didn't notice
that MIPS and OpenRISC were reinitialising p->{set,clear}_child_tid to
NULL after our initialisation in copy_process().
We can simply get rid of the arch-specific initialisation here since it
is now always done in copy_process() before hitting copy_thread{,_tls}().
Review notes:
- As far as I can tell, copy_process() is the only user of
copy_thread_tls(), which is the only caller of copy_thread() for
architectures that don't implement copy_thread_tls().
- After this patch, there is no arch-specific code touching
p->set_child_tid or p->clear_child_tid whatsoever.
- It may look like MIPS/OpenRISC wanted to always have these fields be
NULL, but that's not true, as copy_process() would unconditionally
set them again _after_ calling copy_thread_tls() before commit
4d6501dce0.
Fixes: 4d6501dce0 ("kthread: Fix use-after-free if kthread fork fails")
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> # MIPS only
Acked-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Cc: openrisc@lists.librecores.org
Cc: Jamie Iles <jamie.iles@oracle.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Filesystems filter out extended attributes in the "trusted." domain for
unprivlieged callers.
Overlay calls underlying filesystem's method with elevated privs, so need
to do the filtering in overlayfs too.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
For ACPI devices which do not have a _PSC method, the ACPI subsys cannot
query their initial state at boot, so these devices are assumed to have
been put in D0 by the BIOS, but for touchscreens that is not always true.
This commit adds a call to acpi_device_fix_up_power to explicitly put
devices without a _PSC method into D0 state (for devices with a _PSC
method it is a nop). Note we only need to do this on probe, after a
resume the ACPI subsys knows the device is in D3 and will properly
put it in D0.
This fixes the SIS0817 i2c-hid touchscreen on a Peaq C1010 2-in-1
device failing to probe with a "hid_descr_cmd failed" error.
Acked-by: Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
An upper dir is marked "impure" to let ovl_iterate() know that this
directory may contain non pure upper entries whose d_ino may need to be
read from the origin inode.
We already mark a non-merge dir "impure" when moving a non-pure child
entry inside it, to let ovl_iterate() know not to iterate the non-merge
dir directly.
Mark also a merge dir "impure" when moving a non-pure child entry inside
it and when copying up a child entry inside it.
This can be used to optimize ovl_iterate() to perform a "pure merge" of
upper and lower directories, merging the content of the directories,
without having to read d_ino from origin inodes.
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
... to raw_smp_processor_id() to not trip the
BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: swapper/0/1
check. The reasoning behind it is that __warn() already uses the raw_
variants but the show_regs() path on 32-bit doesn't.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170528092212.fiod7kygpjm23m3o@pd.tnic
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
With CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT enabled, I get:
BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: swapper/0/1
caller is debug_smp_processor_id
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.12.0-rc2+ #2
Call Trace:
dump_stack
check_preemption_disabled
debug_smp_processor_id
save_microcode_in_initrd_amd
? microcode_init
save_microcode_in_initrd
...
because, well, it says it above, we're using smp_processor_id() in
preemptible code.
But passing the CPU number is not really needed. It is only used to
determine whether we're on the BSP, and, if so, to save the microcode
patch for early loading.
[ We don't absolutely need to do it on the BSP but we do that
customarily there. ]
Instead, convert that function parameter to a boolean which denotes
whether the patch should be saved or not, thereby avoiding the use of
smp_processor_id() in preemptible code.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170528200414.31305-1-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch removes unnecessary descriptions on
exynos_drm_crtc structure and adds one description
which specifies what pipe_clk member does.
pipe_clk support had been added by below patch without any description,
drm/exynos: add support for pipeline clock to the framework
Commit-id : f26b9343f5
Signed-off-by: Inki Dae <inki.dae@samsung.com>
Since bridge node is referenced during in the probe, it should be
released on removal.
Suggested-by: Andrzej Hajda <a.hajda@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Hoegeun Kwon <hoegeun.kwon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Inki Dae <inki.dae@samsung.com>
The dsi + panel is a parental relationship, so OF grpah is not needed.
Therefore, the current dsi_parse_dt function will throw an error,
because there is no linked OF graph for the case fimd + dsi + panel.
Parse the Pll burst and esc clock frequency properties in dsi_parse_dt()
and create a bridge_node only if there is an OF graph associated with dsi.
Signed-off-by: Hoegeun Kwon <hoegeun.kwon@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrzej Hajda <a.hajda@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Shyti <andi.shyti@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Inki Dae <inki.dae@samsung.com>
Again no apparent explanation for the split except hysterical raisins.
Cc: Inki Dae <inki.dae@samsung.com>
Cc: Joonyoung Shim <jy0922.shim@samsung.com>
Cc: Seung-Woo Kim <sw0312.kim@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Inki Dae <inki.dae@samsung.com>
Thomas Gleixner